From a sociological perspective, explanations for Essay Example For Students

From a sociological point of view, clarifications for Essay criminal-ity are found in two levels which are the subculture and the auxiliary clarifications. The sociological clarifications underscore parts of cultural game plans that are outer to the on-screen character and convincing. A sociological clarification is worried about how the structure of a general public or its institutional practices or its persevering social subjects influence the direct of its individuals. Singular contrasts are denied or disregarded, and the clarification of the general aggregate behavoir is looked for in the designing of social courses of action that is viewed as both outside the entertainer and before him (Sampson, 1985). That is, the social examples of intensity or of organizations which are held to be determinative of human activity are moreover seen as having been in presence before a specific on-screen character went ahead the scene. In lay language, sociological clarifications of wrongdoing accuse something social that is before, outer to, also, convincing of a specific individual. Sociological clarifications don't preclude the significance from claiming human inspiration. In any case, they find the wellspring of thought processes outside the individual and in the social atmosphere in which he lives. Political thinkers, sociologists, and athropologists have long seen that a state of public activity is that not everything is permitted. Principles of conduct are both an expert pipe of our living respectively and a prerequisite if public activity is to be systematic. The idea of a culture alludes to the apparent principles of conduct, perceptible in the two words and deeds, that are educated, transmitted from age to age and to some degree sturdy. To call such conduct social doesn't necessar-ily imply that it is refined, yet rather implies that it is refined aquired, developed, and persevering. Social researchers have created the thought of a subculture to portray varieties, inside a general public, upon its social topics. In such conditions, it is expected that some social prescrip-tions are regular to all citizenry, yet that modifica-tions what's more, varieties are noticeable inside the general public. Once more, it is a piece of the meaning of a subculture, as of a culture, that is moderately persevering. Its standards are named a style, as opposed to a design, on the grounds that the previous has some perseverance while the last is transitory. The squabble comes, obviously, when we attempt to gauge how genuine a social example is and how tireless. The guidelines by which conduct is to be guided fluctuate among men and after some time. Its is in this change what's more, assortment that wrongdoing is characterized. An utilization of this guideline to crimin-ology would find that the underlying foundations of the wrongdoing in the way that gatherings have created various measures of suitable conduct and that, in complex societies, every individual is liable to contending remedies for activity. Another subcultural clarification of wrongdoing becomes promptly out of the way that, as we have seen, social classes experience various paces of capture and conviction for genuine offenses. When layers inside a general public are separated by classifications of pay, instruction, and word related distinction, contrasts are found among them in the sum and style of wrongdoing. Further, contrasts are normally found between these social classes in their preferences, interests, and ethics. Its is anything but difficult to depict these class-connected examples as societies. This variant of the subcultural clarification of wrongdoing holds that the very certainty of learning the exercises of the subculture implies that one aquires interests and inclinations that place him in more prominent or lesser danger of violating the law. Others contend that being raised in the lower class implies taking in an alternate culture from that which makes the criminal laws. The lower-class subculture is said to have its own qualities, a considerable lot of which run counter to the dominant part intrigues that help the laws against the genuine ruthless violations. One requirements to take note of that the markers of class are not depictions of class. Advocates of subcultural clarifications of wrongdoing don't characterize a class culture by any variety of the target pointers or rank, for example, yearly pay or long stretches of tutoring. Ascent of the Superpowers (USA and USSR) EssayFrom this hypothetical position, the brutality of the urban hoodlum for instance speaks to only thenatural result of a disappointment in kid childhood. Similarily, on a basic degree of clarification, manysociolo-significances and anthropologists accept that threatening conduct can be learned as effectively as passivebehavior. When taken in, the codes of brutality and eager inclinations of the psyche are their ownpositive qualities. Battling and abhorring then become the two obligations and joys. For promoters of thissociopsychological perspective, it isn't important to respect the brute whose words anddeeds snicker at goodness as having indistinguishable thought processes from increasingly legitimate per-children. It needs noradical vision to concur that the educational systems of Western social orders directly give pooraprenticeship in grown-up hood to numerous youths. A poor apprenticeship for being grown up iscriminogenic. In this sens e, the structure of current nations supports wrongdoing, for thatstructure needs institutional systems for moving individuals easily structure ensured adolescence toautomonmous adulthood. During pre-adulthood, numerous adolescents in wealthy social orders are neither wellguided by their folks nor cheerfully connected by their educators. They are grown-up in body, yet childrenin responsi-bility and in their commitment to other people. Presently positioned in the middle of irresponsibledependence and responsible independance, they are constrained to go to schools that do notthoroughly animate the interests of every one of them and that, in an excessive number of cases, give theuninterested youngster the experience of disappointment and the reflection of denigration (Herrnstein). Instructors are considering cures. This connects with a dilemmaa difficulty of the democraticeducators. They need fairness and uniqueness, destinations that up to this point in history have eludedsocietal engineers. In the mean time, the metro-politan schools of industrialized countries make aprobable, yet quantifiable, commitment to misconduct. A few violations are discerning. In such cases, thecriminal route has all the earmarks of being the more effecient method of fulfilling ones needs. At the point when wrongdoing isregarded as balanced, it very well may be given either an auxiliary or a sociopsychological clarification. Theexplanation is basic when it stresses the conditions that make wrongdoing sane. It becomes asociopsychological clarification when it accentuates the translations of the conditions that makecrime judicious, or when it focuses on the preparation that legitimizes il-legitimate exercises. Nobody emphasisneed be more correctmore use-fulthan another. Lead, legal an d criminal, consistently occurswithin some structure of potential outcomes and is, among typical individuals, advocated by a translation ofthat structure. Both the understanding of and the adjustment to a structure of potential outcomes are largelylearned. It is just for accommodation that we will examine the possibility that wrongdoing might be discerning as one ofthe basic, as opposed to one of the sociopsychological, explantions. The most evident way inwhich a social structure produces wrongdoing is by giving opportunities to bring in cash illegally(Herrnstein). Regardless of whether a structure hoists wants, it creates wrongdoing by bringing needs intothe perspective on circumstances. This sort of clarification doesn't state that individuals carry on criminallybecause they have been denied authentic chances, yet rather it says that individuals overstep the law,particulary those laws concerning the meaning of property, since this is a reasonable activity. the possibility of judicious wrongdoing is as per the presence of mind supposition that a great many people willtake cash on the off chance that they can do as such without punishment. Clearly there are contrasts in character thatraise or lower protection from allurement. These distinctions are the worry of thosesociopsychological explantions that underline the controlling elements of character. However,without taking care of these individual factors, it is remarkable that the normal human proclivity toimprove and keep up status will deliver offenses against property when these inclinations meet theappropriate situa-tion (Ferrington). These circumstances have been concentrated by crimin-ologists in fourmajor settings. There are, first, the numerous circumstances in common life where supplies, administrations andmoney are accessible for robbery. Burglary is across the board in such circumstances. It ranges from bringing whatisnt made certain about in open settings to taking production line devices and store inventories to swindling onexpense records to theft. Second, there are conditions in which authentic workmakes it efficient to violate the criminal law. Third, there are capable crooks, people whohave picked robbery as an occupation and who have make an accomplishment of it. These master hoodlums aresometimes partnered with musclemen or coordinators in a fourth setting of objective violations, thecontext in which wrongdoing turns into a financial endeavor satisfying the requests of a market(Ferrington). Presently explicitly on these specific situations, wrongdoing has been viewed as a favored business. The origination of certain sorts of wrongdoing as sound reactions to structures shows that in thestruggle to remain alive and in the longing to improve ones material condi-tion lie the seeds of manycrimes. some theft, yet more robbery; some squealing, yet all the more boosting; some automobiletheft by adolescents, however more vehicle moves by grown-ups speak to an intentionally received wayof getting by. All composed wrongdoing speaks to such an inclination. The association of largescale robbery receives new advances and new methods of drama tion to stay up with increments inthe abundance of Western countries and changes in safety efforts. Such professional wrongdoing has beenchanging structure make violations to extend wrongdoings including huge ger dangers,

Organizational Reward System illustrated in the movie “Oceans Eleven”

Authoritative prize framework dependent on close to home force is portrayed and halfway tried. It is an individual based framework that is described by exceptionally esteemed prizes joined with personalistic rules for remuneration conveyance. (Diary of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 15, No. 3). It is high-degree association in light of the fact that there is something given or gotten in make up for commendable behavior.And it is a methodicallly composed information appropriate in a moderately wide assortment of conditions; particularly, an arrangement of supposition; acknowledged standards, and rules of methodology formulated to investigate, anticipate, or in any case clarify the idea of conduct of a predetermined arrangement of wonders. Extraneous (budgetary, material, or social) and natural (self-conceded a, mystic) rewards are the uncommon administrations in the framework. Which are of acceptable state when the exhibitions being followed up on the association immovably centered aro und the collaboration, hazard taking, or when the whole gathering plotted teamwork.Through this, profoundly seen achievement and impetuses is given as installment for the fantastic achievements. A hierarchical will enormously depend on the dreams and recognitions the individuals are detecting. Much the same as Danny Oceans, or Rusty Ryan, or Linus Caldwell, or some other individuals from the â€Å"Oceans Eleven† Gang who’s been not receptive to clashes that ascent but rather so receptive to each chance things could offer as they continue working with their plan. On the film we can see the powers framed by the eleven included casts.The relations they assembled regardless of whether it has been tried by some moral qualities and decisions in the association since they don’t have a place with one culture. They infact accumulated all powers and made one gainful framework. We can expect to this sort of perception on their budgetary, social, or scholarly exertion and i nclusion. Danny Ocean as played by George Clooney is the Leader of the Gang. He plays and coordinates or regulates their efficient strategy. Ex of Tess (Julia Roberts) who’s been seeing Terry Benedict (Andy Garcia), proprietor of the Casino they are looting and who take his ex while he was in New Jersey jail.Rusty Ryan (Brad Pitt) is one of the fundamental chiefs who played as an extraordinary rascal and who did a fine demonstration before the group. He needs to change plan when Ocean had demonstrated resentment to Tess’ ebb and flow sweetheart. Both Ocean and Ryan do the clairvoyant/knowledge for the entire activity to work. They do the efficient arranging, investigation on the principles and steps, talk about strategies and disseminate attempts to the remainder of the group. Linus Caldwell (Matt Damon) is another cheat who got by off of pulling off cool methods of pick-stashing the public.Aside of getting data on their objectives (gambling club and the individuals wh o runs it) without getting captured, he’s likewise entrusted to tempt by giving a little ‘love-drug’ (yet not unreasonably destructive, just to entice) to the high astute right hand of Benedict. Honest Catton (Bernie Mac) is an extortionist and was employed as a club dark jack seller during Oceans remain in prison. He clearly has blue-print to the whole gambling club. He’s been seeing its organizations, and Benedict’s moves. Yen (Shaobo Qin) is an aerobatic specialist and who doesn’t talk a lot of English until the end.Since he’s the main among the gathering to so body-bowing easy. His part is to get taken care of, be in the vault wearing a little camera for the remainder of the group to see what’s inside it, where the cash is put, how might they crash on and open systemized keys/drawers. Virgil and Turk Malloy (Casey Affleck and Scott Caan) are other cheats. They’re entrusted to watch, screen, and help burrow openings th rough within. Act energetically however useful. Basher Tarr (Don Cheadle) plays as the entertaining English-emphasized dangerous specialist.He makes explosives to-open-whatever-entryway/corridor/hindrance may go over their way in. Livingston Dell (Eddie Jemison) is the PC/gadgets authority, and who performed shrewd stunts he have to bridge surveillance cameras with the abilities he’s prepared on well. Reuben Tishkoff (Elliot Gould) depicts as the rich person who funds the whole activity. What's more, Saul blossom (Carl Reiner) is an extraordinary scalawag who can play a person in his age, of various culture. Furthermore, the big deal customer on the day the gambling club is to be robbed.At the beginning, they lived on various types of way of life. Do bet circumstances to procure a living. In any case, we can see that their lives were very exceptional from the others. Adapting up American existence with their additional benefits, separated to the compensation they could land f rom lawful position. In this way, the â€Å"Oceans Eleven† is fabricated. Danny Ocean however is the pioneer of the Gang fearless that everybody would get decent amount of the $160 M before the finish of their community burglary to Terry Benedict’s Casino. The equivalent sharing on the prizes is to be both of the two conditions: 1.the cash that they’ve concurred isn't generally that $160M isolated by eleven men since Reuben Tishkoff should get a discount for the cash he has put so the activity will work. 2. the sharing will be $160M separated by eleven of them since Tishkoff do non of the exhibition. He financed group to work and before the finish of the plan, he will get $ 14. 55M pretty much. Also, the remainder of the posse will have same sum as well. Seas Eleven Gang utilized their individual resources in getting in the club unnoticed. Up to the very heart of it-the vault where the $160M measure of cash is stored.They played various attributes, made false na mes (barring Ocean in light of the fact that the individuals of the gambling club knew him of being Tess ex), whish consummately made him as a go for his group to get inside very unchecked by the security. The associations of the eleven distinct characters make up an exceptionally testing and orderly game plan. However, they have their grouped character from one another, nonetheless, it didn't make a gap in centering to their ideal result Instead, it helped a great deal to them to get propelled to play out each one’s ability, job, strategies/smart stunts and all.Because they do cooperation, they got business, likewise the opportunity to learn and regard each one’s culture, created initiative and at the same time set up execution the executives. They experienced meetings during their enrollment period and inspected if everybody can continue and hold the strategies every one will perform. Sneaking off to Benedict’s vault was actually an entertaining activity, trul y unimaginable not to be seen in light of the fact that the whole gambling club is secured and observed with profoundly profiled cameras.The place is well-furnished with heavily clad firearms, fueled lasers. Safety efforts are a lot of requested, excessively close in managing the casino’s Clients. During their genuine activity, however there are little inconveniences and disappointments yet at the same time they have back u[s to help so as to keep on working even without getting laid off. Their craving results are to play out their individual assignment well, to be in the vault, get the cash, and leave before the safeguards notice their existence.Such practices are very viable in winning their objective. Determined their moves/ventures with precision, watched time, examined everyone’s response, controlled the plans and give hands at the hour of burglarizing. The framework has been represented such that all were included from the earliest starting point, received occupa tion with equivalent advantages in return. To include more, the most testing individual force they had been granted from was to adjust each character, diverse culture, caused included to each to other’s individual power.Each one gave various endeavors: manual (physical), money related (material), social capacities, offered knowledge/recognitions, and backing to everyone’s work. This made and profited the group. Manage little issues experienced, having educated even to the scarcest occasions of the arrangement. Therefore, the film exhibited the sort of association that has created/used abilities, confronted those hard difficulties and outperformed them and increased equivalent motivations/repay toward the end.

Research Methodology Example

Research Methodology Example Research Methodology â€" Assignment Example > References:                    20IntroductionChoosing the right research methodology largely depends on the results that the research is aimed at accomplishing as opposed to researchers preferred approach to the research (Aaron, 1997). There are two approaches that a researcher can use in conducting research namely qualitative and quantitative research methods. The choice of whether to apply qualitative or quantitative approach to one’s research will largely depend on the nature of the research problem, research design and the kind of data required for the research. However, the guiding principle for the choice of an appropriate approach to a research    is that the research method chosen has to support the desired outcomes for the research. As such, the research approach chosen for the current research (the effect of implementing the balanced scorecard on strategic financial performance: an exploratory study of Saudi financial institutions) must assist in the achievement of t he research objectives. Therefore, it is imperative that the research outcomes are achieved and presented with a suitable level of severity (Veale, 2005). The research outcomes must also make a considerable contribution to the appreciation of the positive effect that implementation of balanced scorecard can have on strategic financial performance by business managers. A quantitative research approach has been found suitable for the current research based on the expected research results as well as the literature pertaining to the subject. Furthermore, the approach was found easy to apply owing to the nature of participants expected in the research. In other words, the approach was found to be participants friendly. This paper is aimed at justifying the choice of quantitative research methodology for the current research. In so doing, the paper examines the two research methodologies and explains why a quantitative approach has been found more appropriate than a qualitative approach . Qualitative approachGeneral overviewTraditionally, qualitative research was greatly used in social sciences. However, its use has been diversified to include other disciplines such as marketing in today’s world. In this case, the researcher often aims at acquiring in-depth knowledge of a phenomenon or human behavior including reasons for such behavior (Attewell, 2001). As such, Qualitative research answers the how and why of decision making in addition to where, when and what A distinguishing factor between quantitative and qualitative research is that information gathered in qualitative research is not subjected to formulaic analysis before making deductions. This makes it possible to use small but focused samples unlike in quantitative research where large samples are used. In addition, qualitative approach provides information on the specific case being researched on and any further general conclusions being only informed assertions and as such quantitative methods have to be used in getting empirical support for the research hypothesis.  (Attewell, 2001)  Qualitative analysis is however considered a good approach to research since it enables one obtain a more realistic feel of the world that can not be experienced in the numerical data and statistical analysis of quantitative research(Browne and Keeley, 1998 ). It also provides flexible ways of data collection, analysis and interpretation and hence gives a holistic view of the phenomenon under research. In addition, the method enables close interaction with the research subjects in their own language and terms. However, the method has been blamed for tendency to depart from the original aims of the research due to the dynamic nature of the context according to Cassell and Symon (1994). It is also possible for one to arrive at different conclusions resulting from the same information depending on the researchers personal; characteristics.

ABUSE NEGLECT - 1543 Words

PHYSICAL ABUSE- PHYSICAL ABUSE CAN VARY FROM BEING PUSHED AROUND, BRUISED OR BEATEN AND IN SOME CASES CAN BE QUITE SEVERE AND CAN PERMANENTLY AFFECT SOMEONE’S WELLBEING. WHAT TO LOOK OUT FOR IF YOU THINK SOMEONE MAY BE BEING PHYSICALLY ABUSED; CHILDREN MAY ACT OUT, DISPLAY AGGRESSIVE OR DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR, THEY MAY NOT WELCOME PHYSICAL ACTS SUCH AS A PAT ON THE BACK OR MAY FLINCH WHEN AN ARM IS RAISED. SEXUAL ABUSE- SEXUAL ABUSE IS WHEN A SEXUAL ACT OR ASSAULT HAS HAPPENED TO SOMEONE WITHOUT THEIR CONSENT OR HAS BEEN PRESSURED OR FORCED INTO GIVING THEIR CONSENT. SOME SIGNS TO WATCH FOR; TIMIDNESS, AWKWARD BODY MOVEMENTS, INCONTINENCE. EMOTIONAL/PSYCOLOGICAL ABUSE- EMOTIONAL ABUSE IS WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL HAS BEEN VERBALLY ABUSED†¦show more content†¦Some people who experience harm or abuse from others may be unable to protect themselves as their situation makes them vulnerable. If a person cannot protect themselves they will have to rely on others to alert services that can provide help and support on their behalf. CORRECT ACTIONS TO TAKE IF YOU HAVE BEEN TOLD BY SOMEONE THAT THEY ARE BEING ABUSED: Every staff member has a professional and moral duty to report any witnessed or suspected abuse to their line manager. This information should be referred to Social Services and every reported case must be assessed as a matter of urgency to determine an appropriate course of action. This assessment will take place, either during telephoned consultations with other professionals or during a formal planning meeting. HOW TO ENSURE THAT EVIDENCE OF ABUSE IS KEPT SAFE: Make a written record of messages (e.g. answer-phone) to ensure they are not lost. Include the date and time and sign them Ensure written records (notes, letters, bank statements, medication records etc.) are kept in a safe place Don’t tidy up, wash clothes, bedding or other items. Do not try to clear or tidy anything up Try not to touch anything unless you have to for the immediate wellbeing of the victim – if you have to try to make a record of what you have done If any sexual offence is suspected try to discourage theShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse and Neglect1678 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of child abuse is one of the hardest topics to write about. It is imperative to have a profound understanding of this topic and its consequences specially when working in the field of human services. Professionally and personally, I have encountered situations where child abuse is present. This reality has touched my life in many ways and these experiences continue shaping me as a human being and as social service provider. I will try to cover in this paper the subject of child abuse, its definitionsRead More Child Abuse and Neglect814 Words   |  4 Pages Child Abuse Child abuse and neglect is frightfully high. As a country this is unacceptable. We need to come up with better ways to fight this â€Å"disease† before we destroy our children, our future. An estimated 903,000 children across the country were victims of abuse or neglect in 2001, according to national data released by the Department of Health and Human Services. The statistics indicate that about 12.4 out of every 1,000 children were victims of abuse or neglect, a rate comparable to the previousRead MoreChildren With Child Abuse And Neglect877 Words   |  4 PagesThere are different types of programs that are available for youth and families where child abuse and neglect is apparent. Such programs that are available for young people and non-offending family members are Forensic Interviews, Family Services, Therapy Counseling, and Prevention Education. Other programs are available in different areas for families where youth are showing different types of outcries to help non-offending family members and the child get the help that is needed for several ofRead MoreChild Abuse and Neglect1653 Words   |  7 Pages Child Abuse and Neglect Child abuse, or child maltreatment, is an act by a parent or caretaker that results in or allows the child to be subjected to death, physical injury, sexual assault, or emotional harm. Emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse are all different forms of child abuse. Child abuse is more than bruises and broken bones. While physical abuse might be the most visible, other types of abuse, such as emotional abuse and neglect, also leave deep, lastingRead More Child Abuse and Neglect Essay802 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Child Abuse† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Child abuse is a very serious and controversial issue that is escalating in today’s society. As we look back to the 1940’s and 1950’s, it was almost unheard of to let anyone outsideRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Data System1646 Words   |  7 PagesHow Many children die every year from Child Abuse or Neglect? According to data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), estimated 1,520 children died from abuse and neglect in 2013. This interprets to an average of four children dying every day from abuse or neglect in the health care system. Neglect is the most common form of child abuse reported in Canada and is often overlooked. People trust the nurses for their care but this does not really happen in real life when nursesRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of A Child817 Words   |  4 PagesChild Abuse and Neglect The meaning of child abuse is the mistreatment of a child in the form of injury, sexual abuse, neglect or exploitation. The signs of possible child abuse include, but are not limited to sudden behavior change, untreated medical issues, difficulties in school, lack of adult attention, the child makes excuses to stay away from home. Parents can also show signs such as showing little interest in the child, blaming the child for the child’s problems. The parent could ask theRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect At Madison County973 Words   |  4 Pages The goal of our program is to decrease the amount of child abuse and neglect in Madison County, IL. The purpose of our proposal is to obtain funding to expanding the Crisis Nursery to the Madison County, Illinois area. Our program hopes to provide a temporary safe haven for children ages 0-18 and aid in child development. With the expansion of the Crisis Nursery to the Madison county area parents or caregivers who are not able to travel to St. Louis will have accesses to all of the various programsRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Essay917 Words   |  4 Pagesregarding abuse, neglect, and foster homes. Some children in stay in foster homes until they age out at eighteen, others are more lucky and get adopted, most likely because they were young and do not have siblings. Abuse and neglect have also been found in foster homes. Abuse and neglect has been happening in many different places in and out of foster homes. There are many effects of abuse, neglect, and being put in a foster care system can make things worse. There is a difference between abuse andRead MoreElder Self Neglect And Abuse Essay1897 Words   |  8 PagesIssue no. 5 published on August 5 2009 Elder Self-neglect and Abuse and Mortality Risk in a Community-Dwelling Population. The authors: X. Dong, MD, Melissa Simon, MD, Mph, Carols Mendes de Leon, PhD, Terry Fulmer, PhD, RN, Todd Beck, MS, Liesi Herbert, ScD, Carmel Dyer, MD, Gregory Paveza PhD, MSW, Denis Evans, MD argue that both elder self-neglect and abuse is becoming more clear in regards to public health concerns, and that elder self-neglect or abuse is linked with mortality and not just on those

Aristotle’S Philosophy. One Of The Greatest Philosophers,

Aristotle’s Philosophy One of the greatest philosophers, Aristotle, continues to impact our society today. His theories are easily applied to ethical situations in business, and especially in accounting. Philosophy studies ideals of the meaning of life, truth, and knowledges. When in challenging situations ethics influence choices. Ethics are a crucial as we use them daily in all affairs, business and personal. Our ethics direct us to choose the most ethical solutions, even in events there is no one right or wrong answer. In this situation weighing the benefits of the different options and their outcomes assists in choosing the best course of action. Brief History Greek philosopher, Aristotle, was born 384 B.C. in northern Greece. His†¦show more content†¦In other words, in order to be of good moral character one must behave morally in all things. Ethical Practices In the end, Aristotle’s teachings show us the difference between a virtuous and non-virtuous life: A life that is good and right in the eyes of men: A life that is just and fair rather than unjust and greedy. It all boils down to how a person behaves in society determines whether that person is truly happy with the outcome and ultimately how they have lived their lives. For greed is the downfall of many, yet I am almost certain it was never their intent to hurt others but rather how to increase their way of living to the fullest. However, the collateral damage can be felt company wide, as stakeholders lose their investments, employees lose their jobs, and suppliers feel the sting of lost revenue, and money owed them. Ethical Conduct In order to protect the interests of many, ethical conduct should be of the utmost importance. Companies should have a mission statement and policy that set the expectations for both management and personnel alike. Companies must screen and hire ethically sound individuals who can mirror their own goals with the company’s expectations. When companies leave this important step out ofShow MoreRelatedForms and Causes: Philosophies of Aristotle and Plato Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle and Plato are two of the most influential philosophers in history. Plato was Socrates’ greatest student and in turn taught Aristotle. In time, Aristotle became Plato’s greatest student. Together Aristotle and Plato, along with Socrates, laid the groundwork for what we now know as Western philosophy and science. Plato, in addition to being a philosopher, wrestled at the Olympic level, is one of the classical Greek authors, mathematicians and the founder of The Academy, the first higherRead MoreAristotle s Contributions Of Western Philosophy1124 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the greatest classical Greek philosophers still known is Aristotle. His contributions to Western philosophy are in the areas of nature, nature, logic, metaphysics, the soul, morality, and politics. He was one of Plato’s students and studied under him for twenty years in the academy in Athens. He started to lecture about his on top of rhetoric. Aristotle became well known for his philosophies he began to tutor Phillip of Macedon son Alexander. After the death of Phillip’s, the school of platonicRead MoreAristotle: The Pursuit of Happiness1358 Words   |  6 Pageshighest good one must achieve in order to live a fulfilling life, they have different ideas on what that good is. On Aristotle’s search to find the highest good of a human being, he first asked what the ergon, or task, of being human is. His main focus was mostly on what the purpose or goal of human existence should be. Aristotle said that everyone is trying to reach happiness, whether it is by having money, love, or being honored. However, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, he believesRead MorePlato vs. Aristotle: Virtue1656 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 12, 2013 Anna Umstead Plato and Aristotle, arguably two of the most influential Greek philosophers, discussed their differing views on virtue extensively throughout many of their works. Although they agree that virtue is a desirable characteristic that will lead to happiness, the ultimate good, there exists between the two philosophies salient differences. While Plato believes only philosophers are capable of true, inherent virtue, Aristotle believes all men can be virtuous with practiceRead MoreThe Main Controversies of Medieval Thought in the 12th and 13th Centuries1050 Words   |  5 Pagesfought to preserve tradition, others fought to destroy it, while still others sought to find a common ground between the two. The greatest controversy of the times, it can be said, was that of faith and reason. Most philosophical debate revolved around these and to a lesser extent the opposition of realists and nominalists on the question of universals. The type of philosophy that was being taught in the Christian s chools of the time has been given the name of scholasticism. Scholastics shared a commonRead MoreBoth Plato and Aristotle are among the most influential philosophers in the history. Socrates was900 Words   |  4 Pagesmost influential philosophers in the history. Socrates was another famous philosopher who greatly influenced Plato. Plato was the pupil of Socrates and later Plato became the teacher of Aristotle. Although Aristotle followed his teachings for a long time, he found many questionable facts in his teachings and later on became a great critic of Plato’s teachings. Since Aristotle found faults in Plato, hence their work is easily comparable as it is based on the common aspects of philosophy. In this paperRead MoreEssay on Philosophy1146 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Philosophy started when human beings started to ask questions, about how and what things are actually, due to curiosity. The things that caused these questions to come about were the people started to realize that everything isn’t exactly what it appears to be. Philosophy started in the town of Miletus, many early philosophers came from here. The philosophers started their work around 585 B.C. Thales, one of the early Miletus philosophers, left no writings behind, all we knowRead MoreEssay on The Life and Achievements of Aristotle1194 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle was born in 384 BC. In Stagira, a small town northern Greece. He had one older brother and one sister. His father, Nicomachus, was a doctor. His mother, Phaestis, came from the island of Euboea. She was wealthy. Owning a house which later remained in the family after she married Nicomachus. There are hardly any personal details of Aristotle because he lived so long ago. The little details we know are mostly from a Greek Historian named Diogenes Laertius. In his book he said that AristotleRead MoreThe Principles Of Aristotle, Bertrand Russell, And Immanuel Kant1555 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough the study of arguments in natural language. It deals only with propositions that are capable of being true and false. Modern logic descends mainly from the ancient Greek tradition. All three philosophers; Aristotle, Bertrand Russell, and Immanuel Kant theorized the question of what is logic. The greatest and most influential of Platos students was Aristotle, but the works of Aristotle do reflect his teachings from Plato but unlike Plato, Aristotle was concrete and practical. Aristotle definedRead MoreWho is Aristotle?763 Words   |  3 PagesAristotle is remembered as one of the greatest philosophers of all time. His ideas on human nature, life and death, politics, and other great topics have laid the foundation for our world today. Aristotle not only succeeded in the area of Philosophy, but in the studies of History, Government, Politics, Drama, and to this day he is known as the father of Biology and the sciences. His many great ideas of the world and how we should live our lives were rarely challenged by others in his time because

Assignment Blood Disorders Free Essays

Running Heading: BLOOD DISORDERS Blood Disorders Athena Hackett Health and Diseases: Understanding Paths and Pathology June 20, 2010 Dr. Natasha Billups In each scenario provided each person is at risk of a specific disorder. The first patient Amy, who is the four year old Caucasian female, in my opinion is at risk for the blood disorder of Iron Deficiency Anemia. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment: Blood Disorders or any similar topic only for you Order Now Next is person at possible risk of a specific blood disorder is Marcus. Marcus is a five year old African American male with a parent that carries the trait of Sickle Cell Anemia. Therefore, the possible blood disorder he is at risk for is Sickle Cell Anemia. Last is Richard and his possible blood disorder he is at risk for is Thrombocytopenia. Each person has specific symptoms that make them at risk for the blood disorders I mentioned above. Amy is a four year old Caucasian female with symptoms of being tired, pale skin and she is a very picky eater. Most of her foods are starches and processed meats and drinks. Her foods seem to lack the desired amount of iron needed for a growing girl. According to webmd. om â€Å"decreased iron intake is a contributing factor in iron deficiency and the resulting iron deficiency anemia†. Iron deficiency Anemia is one of the more common cases of anemia. It can be controlled or prevented by adding more iron to a person’s diet. Foods that are high or rich in iron are red meats (beef), whole wheat bread, spinach, raisins and eggs. There are lots of other foods that are high in iron as well. If eating foods high in iron is not sufficient then a person can take iron vitamins to help with providing more iron to their diet. With taking iron a person has to be monitored and advised on how much they are able to take. If a person takes too much iron it could be dangerous to their health. There are also side effects with taking iron. One of the most common side effects of Iron Deficiency Anemia is constipation. Some people will have to increase their fiber intake to avoid constipation. The next scenario mentioned was about a five year old African American male named Marcus. Marcus is at risk of having Sickle Cell Anemia because his mother is a carrier of that trait. On the website drkoop. com the definition of sickle cell is â€Å"is an inherited disease in which the red blood cells, normally disc-shaped, become crescent shaped. As a result, they function abnormally and cause small blood clots. These clots give rise to recurrent painful episodes called â€Å"sickle cell pain crises†. † It is a very painful disease and presently there is no cure. The majority of people with this disease is African American and mentioned previously it is inherited. Both parents have to be carriers of the trait for the child to have the disease. Due to the pain and discomfort patients are sometimes hospitalized for long periods of times. It can also be life threatening or there are severe crisis the person has to deal with. There are several types of crises are: Hemolytic crisis (occurs when damaged red blood cells break down); Splenic sequestration crisis (when the spleen enlarges and traps the blood cells); and Aplastic crisis (when an infection causes the bone marrow to stop producing red blood cells). Every patient with Sickle Cell Anemia will go through one or all of these crises at some point in their life. They can last from a few days to weeks or months. They affect the bones in the person’s body and eventually can cause damage to a major organ or several major organs. The last scenario mentioned was in regards to a male named Richard. Some of his symptoms were red spots around his eyes and bruises or ecchymosis all over his body. Based on those symptoms I thought me may be at risk of Thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia is low blood platelet count. According to the mayoclinic. com â€Å"platelets (thrombocytes) are colorless blood cells that play an important role in blood clotting. Platelets stop blood loss by clumping and forming plugs in blood vessel holes†. This particular blood disorder usually starts because of another disorder such as leukemia or an immune system malfunction, or as a medication side effect. One of the good things about his disorder is that it can be reversed if one of the other disorders is treated. In some cases if the disorder is chronic then medication, surgery or blood transfusion will reverse this disorder. There are many different types of blood disorders. From each scenario I was able to determine that some disorders can be treated without medication and just require dietary changes. Mean while others are not curable and are very painful to the person with that disorder. I was also able to discover that other disorders can bring on some blood disorders and are curable once you treat or cure the underlying problem. REFERENCES webmd. com dr. koop. com mayoclinic. com How to cite Assignment: Blood Disorders, Papers

Best Things to Do in Bangkok free essay sample

Best things to do in Bangkok Let’s be honest here, any of you love travelling overseas but worry about the high money expenditure? And to add salt into the wound, we’re not working, many of us are still relying on our parents’ pocket for money. However, don’t be disappointed because our country’s neighbor up north is a cheap alternative for a fun, memorable travel destination. Thailand is a land where people speak in high notes and tom yam is a word synonymous with the term, everyday food. Before, Bangkok started out as a small trading centre and a port some 200 years ago. Today, with the influx of modern technology mixed with the beauty of its illustrious past, there are a mass variety of things to do In Bangkok. Be it eating in neon lighted side restaurant, visiting dazzling temple, artfully sculpted palaces to floating market, and shopping in fancy shopping malls, each has an intriguing story to tell. If you love the distinctive flavor of coconut, chilli, lemon grass, lime and spices, eat all you can while in Bangkok. From mango rice, tom yam noodles to Thai Hakka noodles and sharks fin soup, it caters to any taste buds. Mango rice is basically glutinous rice mixed with condensed milk and sweet mango. While it may seem simple to prepare, the Thais take it to another level. Next, Thai tom yam has always been very tasty with a good balance of sourness and saltiness with a pinch of sweet taste but if you can’t take spicy things, this will not appeal to you as it is also mightily spicy. Just eating a bowl of tom yam noodles sent tears spewing from my eyes but it kept me wanting more. Bangkok is also famous for fried creepy crawlies. Cockroaches, grasshoppers, crickets and worms are fried in boiling hot oil and mixed with black pepper plus a bit of MSG for extra taste. Many find them to taste like normal snacks but I didn’t have the guts to try it. Just looking at it was scary. Now that you know food is a must try in Bangkok, let’s look into the sight-seeing part. If you’ve a taste for historic temples, Wat Arun situated at the side of the Chao Phraya River is one of the many temples present and preserved in Bangkok is one you should not miss. What sets this apart from the rest is that King Taksin found shelter in this particular temple during a fight with the Burmese army. During his reign, he later renamed it Wat Cheang which means Temple of Dawn and was one of the chief temples that enshrined rare Buddha sculptures. Taking pictures with the beautiful architecture and craftsmanship is one moment that will leave a lasting memory about Bangkok. Tip, during your short trip there, side stalls renting historic clothes of the beautiful Siam servants can be worn to spice up your time there. No visit to Bangkok would be complete without an introduction to the floating market. Everything is done on boats like selling, buying and eating. The market gets up early so must you If you want to share in this uniquely Thai experience. While it may seem like a shock to some, there is also a condom restaurant called Cabbage amp; Condoms. The name may bring a lot of controversy but this particular restaurant was actually opened by the ministry of Thailand to increase awareness about family planning and safe sex. Though this restaurant carries a good cause, the unique atmosphere and good food makes the place a must go when one visits Bangkok. Well, that’s all for interesting places to visit. And here comes my favourite part, shopping. Bangkok can also be classified as a shopping haven and it has more than enough shopping malls to suit every lifestyle. For students like you and I, places like Platinum Mall, MBK and Chatuchak Market are enough to make you literally shop till you drop. MBK is a mega mall that houses about 2,000 shops and sells things that range from clothing, accessories, bags to furniture, electronic products and stationery items. Naraya, a famous fashion line for women created in-house in Thailand has their shop open in MBK. If money isn’t a primary concern, do drop by at Naraya for a visit as you would not be disappointed. I wasn’t. Platinum Mall should appeal to many as it is a mall that has thousands of wholesalers operating inside. Like MBK, Platinum Mall sells almost everything and most importantly has clothes that is priced half as much as you see in Malaysia. Chatuchak Market is alike Platinum Mall except for the fact that it is open air. Here is a fun fact about this market that would make you go wow. Can you imagine a sum of 40 football fields is actually equal to a Chatuchak Market? That’s why finding a particular shop in the market is like finding needle in a haystack. Young businessmen always try their luck to sell their own manufactured items, Thai snacks can be found abundant and special shaved coconut drink with coconut ice-cream are sold in Chatuchak Market. Trust me, it is mouth-watering. As shopping takes up a lot of leg strength, one can unwind through Thai massages. Bangkok’s spas are your inner-city gateways to seventh heaven. But before you go finding one, be sure to find reputable and pay a little extra because you don’t know what happens behind the scenes. Quality filled spas offer serene atmospheres and highly trained masseuse that will definitely take the tiredness away from you. If you’re on a budget and would like to travel, I highly recommend Bangkok. Especially if you’re game for an adventure, Bangkok offers an exotic culture with the hustle and bustle of the city and it is definitely one city that offers countless amounts of activities. Just listening to the guide will not justify the fun these activities bring when experienced in real life. As quoted by Isadora Duncan, â€Å"What one has not experienced, one will not understand in print. †, so experience all these first hand as you won’t regret. Kap pun kahp.

Battle of Jonesboro - Atlanta Campaign - Civil War - William Sherman

Battle of Jonesboro - Atlanta Campaign - Civil War - William Sherman Battle of Jonesboro - Conflict Dates: The Battle of Jonesboro was fought August 31-September 1, 1864, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Major General William T. ShermanMajor General Oliver O. HowardMajor General George H. Thomas6 corps Confederates General John Bell HoodLieutenant General William Hardee2 corps Battle of Jonesboro - Background: Advancing south from Chattanooga in May 1864, Major General William T. Sherman sought to capture the vital Confederate rail hub at Atlanta, GA. Opposed by Confederate forces, he reached the city in July after a protracted campaign in northern Georgia. Defending Atlanta, General John Bell Hood fought three battles with Sherman late in the month at Peachtree Creek,  Atlanta, and  Ezra Church, before retiring into the citys fortifications. Unwilling to launch frontal assaults against prepared defenses, Shermans forces assumed positions west, north, and east of the city and worked to cut it off from resupply. This perceived inaction, along with Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant being stalled at Petersburg, began to damage Union morale and led some to fear that President Abraham Lincoln could be defeated in the November election. Assessing the situation, Sherman decided to make efforts to sever the sole remaining railroad into Atlanta, the Macon Western. Departing the city, the Macon Western Railroad ran south to Eastpoint where the Atlanta West Point Railroad split off while the main line continued to and through Jonesboro (Jonesborough). Battle of Jonesboro - The Union Plan: To accomplish this goal, Sherman directed the majority of his forces to pull out of their positions and move around Atlanta to the west before falling upon the Macon Western south of the city. Only Major General Henry Slocums XX Corps was to remain north of Atlanta with orders to guard the railroad bridge over the Chattahoochee River and protect the Union lines of communication. The massive Union movement began on August 25 and saw Major General Oliver O. Howards Army of the Tennessee march with orders to strike the railroad at Jonesboro (Map). Battle of Jonesboro - Hood Responds: As Howards men moved out, Major General George H. Thomas Army of the Cumberland and Major General John Schofields Army of the Ohio were tasked with cutting the railroad farther north. On August 26, Hood was surprised to find the majority of the Union entrenchments around Atlanta empty. Two days later, Union troops reached the Atlanta West Point and began pulling up the tracks. Initially believing this to be a diversion, Hood disregarded the Union efforts until reports began to reach him of a sizable Union force south of the city. As Hood sought to clarify the situation, Howards men reached the Flint River near Jonesboro. Brushing aside a force of Confederate cavalry, they crossed the river and assumed a strong position on heights overlooking the Macon Western Railroad. Surprised by the speed of his advance, Howard halted his command to consolidate and allow his men to rest. Receiving reports of the Howards position, Hood immediately ordered Lieutenant General William Hardee to take his corps and that of Lieutenant General Stephen D. Lee south to Jonesboro to dislodge the Union troops and protect the railroad. Battle of Jonesboro - The Fighting Begins: Arriving through the night of August 31, Union interference along the railroad prevented Hardee from being ready to attack until around 3:30 PM. Opposing the Confederate commander were Major General John Logans XV Corps which faced east and Major General Thomas Ransoms XVI Corps which angled back from the Union right. Due to the delays in the Confederate advance, both Union corps had time to fortify their positions. For the assault, Hardee directed Lee to attack Logans line while Major General Patrick Cleburne led his corps against Ransom. Pressing forward, Cleburnes force advanced on Ransom but the attack began to stall when his lead division came under fire from Union cavalry led by Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick. Regaining some momentum, Cleburne had some success and captured two Union guns before being forced to halt. To the north, Lees Corps moved forward against Logans earthworks. While some units attacked and took heavy losses before being repulsed, others, knowing the near-futility of assaulting fortifications directly, failed to fully join in the effort. Battle of Jonesboro - The Confederate Defeat: Forced to pull back, Hardees command suffered around 2,200 casualties while Union losses numbered only 172. As Hardee was being repulsed at Jonesboro, the Union XXIII, IV, and XIV Corps reached the railroad north of Jonesboro and south of Rough and Ready. As they severed the railroad and telegraph wires, Hood realized his only remaining option was to evacuate Atlanta. Planning to depart after dark on September 1, Hood ordered Lees Corps to return to the city to protect against a Union attack from the south. Left at Jonesboro, Hardee was to hold out and cover the retreat of the army. Assuming a defensive position near the town, Hardees line faced west while his right flank bent back toward to the east. On September 1, Sherman directed Major General David Stanley to take IV Corps south along the railroad, unite with Major General Jefferson C. Davis XIV Corps, and together aid Logan in crushing Hardee. Initially both were to destroy the railroad as they progressed but upon learning that Lee had departed, Sherman directed them to advance as quickly as possible. Arriving on the battlefield, Davis corps assumed as position on Logans left. Directing operations, Sherman ordered Davis to attack around 4:00 PM even through Stanleys men were still arriving. Though an initial attack was turned back, subsequent assaults by Davis men opened a breach in the Confederate lines. As Sherman did not order Howards Army of the Tennessee to attack, Hardee was able to shift troops to seal this gap and prevent IV Corps from turning his flank. Desperately holding out until nightfall, Hardee withdrew south towards Lovejoys Station. Battle of Jonesboro - Aftermath: The Battle of Jonesboro cost Confederate forces around 3,000 casualties while Union losses numbered around 1,149. As Hood had evacuated the city during the night, Slocums XX Corps was able to enter Atlanta on September 2. Pursuing Hardee south to Lovejoys, Sherman learned of the citys fall the next day. Unwilling to attack the strong position that Hardee had prepared, Union troops returned to Atlanta. Telegraphing Washington, Sherman stated, Atlanta is ours, and fairly won. The fall of Atlanta provided a massive boost to Northern morale and played a key role in ensuring the reelection of Abraham Lincoln. Beaten, Hood embarked on a campaign into Tennessee that fall which saw his army effectively destroyed at the Battles of Franklin and Nashville. Having secured Atlanta, Sherman embarked upon his March to the Sea which saw him capture Savannah on December 21. Selected Sources History of War: Battle of JonesboroughCWSAC Battle Summaries: Battle of Jonesborough North Georgia: Battle of Jonesboro

Political Economy of International Trade

Political Economy of International Trade Introduction Governments use various methods to intervene in markets for different reasons. Modes of government interventions in markets include the use of tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, voluntary export restraints, local content requirements, administrative policies, and antidumping policies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Political Economy of International Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, the government can influence the market either directly as a competitor or indirectly through tariffs and regulations. These interventions only occur for political and economic reasons. Government interventions in markets and reasons for interventions in markets Tariffs are taxes that governments levy on imports or exports. Governments use tariffs to protect emerging local firms from fierce foreign competitions, protect old firms from competition, and reduce cases of dumping. Dumping aims to avoid ‘too lowà ¢â‚¬â„¢ prices of imports in the domestic market. Subsidies are governments’ financial supports to any sector (Office of Fair Trading 26). They may include direct grants, additional capital, exemptions from taxes, guarantees, and low interest loans among others. Subsidies influence the market competition through changes in costs and production strategies. Import quotas limit the amount of goods that a country can import within a certain period. Hence, quotas can influence production of goods in other countries. Quotas protect domestic firms, but may result in increased prices for consumers. They reduce imports to eliminate competition. Voluntary export restraints happen when a government limits the amount of goods or services that local companies can export to other countries (Hill 216). This protects local firms from a fierce competition as witnessed in the case of cheap Japanese cars imported in the US in 1980s. Both countries applied voluntary export restraints to protect the domestic automobile industry of the US. Local content requirements favour the use of locally manufactured parts, labour, services, supplies, and materials for production within the country rather than importing such resources. Hence, governments require a minimum use of local contents to promote domestic economies when foreign firms produce in a country.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Local content requirements could also happen because of political influences and the need to protect and benefit a given territory. It happens in the Nigeria Oil and Gas Industry in which the government has made it a law for all multinational oil and gas firms to incorporate local contents in their production chains (Falco, Gallo, Santillo, Troncone and Viecelli 213). Local contents can also include direct investments on the site. Administrative trade policies are regulations tha t governments formulate to make it hard for other countries to import into another country (Hill 219). These are mainly non-tariff barriers to importers. For instance, tedious and time-consuming inspection processes of imported goods at borders are instances of applying restrictive administrative trade policies to limit trade. Japan had used this method to limit foreign firms from importing into its markets as shown by FedEx Express and Netherlands’ tulip bulbs (Hill 219). Antidumping policies protect domestic market prices by ensuring that imports do not have ‘too low’ prices below the cost of production or have fair market prices. The US has used antidumping policies to protect domestic markets from cheap imports from China. Political reasons for government market intervention are numerous. They include protecting local jobs, national industries, protecting national security, retaliating against unfair market practices, protecting consumers from substandard goo ds, promoting foreign policies, and protecting human rights. Economic reasons include protecting infant industries from foreign competitions and enhancing strategic trade policies. Hence, these reasons show that government intervention in markets can encourage or limit trade. A government would engage in a market to offer either direct or indirect support to local industries. Moreover, difficult economic situations may also force governments to intervene in markets, as well as lobbying from workers in order to protect their jobs and markets.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Political Economy of International Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Governments participate in the market through seven strategies, which include the use of tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, voluntary export restraints, local content requirements, administrative policies, and antidumping policies. The major reasons are both econo mic and political reasons, but they aim to protect local jobs, unfair competition, enhance foreign policy, protect consumers from ‘dangerous’ goods and gain political favours from locals or voters. Falco, De Massimo, Mosà ¨ Gallo, Carmela Santillo, Enzo Troncone, and Pier Viecelli. Planning Large Engineering Project in high risk country areas: the Evaluation of Local Content strategies in the Oil Gas industry through a robust planning technique. International Journal of Systems Applications, Engineering Development 2.6 (2006): 213-221. Print. Hill, Charles. International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013. Print. Office of Fair Trading. Government in markets. London: Crown, 2009. Print.

Globalization and Its Impact on Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Globalization and Its Impact on Business - Essay Example Globalization can be therefore called international integration (Noam Chomsky, 2006) and can be explained as a practice by means of which the world community are unified into a distinct social order and operate collectively in a process which merges financial, technical, socio-cultural and political forces. (Sheila L. Croucher, 2004) The Driving factors of Globalization are reduction in travel costs at a global level, liberalization in trade policies, and the high rate of growth in Information technology. Globalization originates with the discovery and migration of the New World which is elucidated by Thomas L. Friedman, in his book, 'The World Is Flat', where he "examines the impact of the 'flattening' of the globe", or an international 'flattening' of competition in businesses facilitated by escalating global inter-connectedness. Friedman debates that globalized business and trade practices including outsourcing, off-shoring, supply-chaining, and economic, technological, and political forces have misused the face of the business world eternally (Friedman T. L., 2008). Business globalization refers to a company's undertaking of sales and assets across international borders and the resulting flow of capital, goods, services, and labor. Coca-Cola is a good example of a company that has successfully cultivated its international business, with more than 70 percent of its income originating from non-U.S. sources. The various tactics that Coca-Coca uses to achieve this include developing a global consumer market, establishing transnational corporations to reduce production costs, product branding and positioning, competition-based pricing, and more. Effects of globalization on business Cheap offshore production Offshore Production entails the... The Driving factors of Globalization are reduction in travel costs at a global level, liberalization in trade policies, and the high rate of growth in Information technology.Globalization originates with the discovery and migration of the New World which is elucidated by Thomas L. Friedman, in his book, ‘The World Is Flat’, where he â€Å"examines the impact of the ‘flattening’ of the globe†, or an international ‘flattening’ of competition in businesses facilitated by escalating global inter-connectedness. Friedman debates that globalized business and trade practices including outsourcing, off-shoring, supply-chaining, and economic, technological, and political forces have misused the face of the business world eternally (Friedman T. L., 2008).Business globalization refers to a company’s undertaking of sales and assets across international borders and the resulting flow of capital, goods, services, and labor. Coca-Cola is a good ex ample of a company that has successfully cultivated its international business, with more than 70 percent of its income originating from non-U.S. sources. The various tactics that Coca-Coca uses to achieve this include developing a global consumer market, establishing transnational corporations to reduce production costs, product branding and positioning, competition-based pricing, and more.  Offshore Production entails the fabrication of goods in a foreign country for import to the domestic market. One of the major effects of globalization is the cheap offshore production.

Benefits and Cons of Home Schooling Research Paper

Benefits and Cons of Home Schooling - Research Paper Example These tend to find it very difficult to cope in a working environment, and some even have problems getting employment because they do not have the necessary skills to do the jobs which they aspire to. To combat this, many parents are finding it worthwhile to teach their children themselves, and this has made home schooling very popular with a growth rate of ten to fifteen percent every year. Statistics show that home schooled children tend to do better than those in public schools, but despite this there have also been arguments against it with some saying that education is not all about getting good grades but also about learning social skills, which, as many feel, these children do not have (Wolfe). In this paper, we shall discuss the pros and cons of home schooling, and at the end of it we shall determine whether it is the best way of educating children. One of the benefits of home schooling is the fact that the students are able to study whatever topics or subjects they want and for as long as they want while also covering what can be considered to be basic knowledge (Ryan). This helps a lot when determining their areas of interest and what field they would like to specialize in as the focus of their further education. Since this is determined early, home schooled students tend to work towards their life goals at an earlier age, and it is a common thing for them to be done with their education much earlier than their colleagues in public schools are. Not only are they able to comprehend better what they are taught, but the idea that they are being allowed to do the subject that they want to do acts as a motivator for them to work even harder. The basic education of a home schooled student can be completed between the ages of six and ten according to their ability. This ensures that they have all the time they need to concentrate on their subjects of interest until are well versed in them or when they are ready to do other subjects that have caught their int erest. Educational freedom gives the student enough time not only to study what they wish at a specific time but also helps in their mental and academic development as there is no pressure to do those subjects they do not want to do in a hurry. Home schooling allows for the physical freedom not only of the students involved but also of their parents as well because their lives no longer revolve around school hours but are determined by the amount of school work which has been set for the students for a particular day. After being withdrawn from the public school system, it is a very normal situation for students to suffer from shock, but after the initial shock is gone, subsequently these students experience a new sense of freedom, which they never experienced while they were in the school system. They not only get to have more free time on their hands because home schooling is not as rigorous as the public schooling, but they also get to spend more time with their families, which i s a very aspect. This helps to promote better understanding between the parents and their children and is an advantage over many students in the public school system. Those in the school system tend to have less freedom of movement because they have to work for long hours every day, and when they come home, they always have homework to do,

Cable Modem Cloning Hacking Communication Computer Science Essay

Cable Modem Cloning Hacking Communication Computer Science Essay Cable modem is a communication device. This device allows us to connect our PC or laptop to cable Television line and receive data from operator at speed of 1.5 Mpbs or more. Data rate is much more then telephone modems (28.8 or 56 kbps) and 128 kbps given by ISDN (integrated services Digital Network). It is almost equal to Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) telephone service. Cable modem can is combined with set top box. With this combination channels could be watched on TV and internet could be accessed. In most cased cable modem are given by operator. They are not purchased by customers. Cable modem has two connectors. One connecter is connected to cable wall outlet. Other connected to personal computer or laptop. In some cased second connector is connected to set top box for TV channels. Cable modems do conversation between analog signals and digital signals. In other words it performs the task of modulations and demodulation. Although it do modulation and demodulation but it is a very complex device then telephone modem. Cable modem can be individual external device or it can be integrated with a personal computer of set top box. Cable modem is connected to a laptop or personal computer with a standard 10BASE-T Ethernet card. Cable modems are connected to cable operator with a coaxial cable line. Through this coaxial cable cable modem communicates to Cable Modem Termination System located at cable operator office. Cable modems can send or receive signals to Cable Modem Termination System. But cable modem cannot send or receive signal to other cable modems on line. Internet service bandwidth over cable TV line can be 27 Mpbs or more for downstream and 2.5 Mpbs or more on reverse direction. But main factor in speed is cables from operator office to customers homes and actual speed that operator has. If operator is only connected to internet at speed of 1.5 Mpbs in this case data rate at customer end would be near 1.5 Mpbs. Main cable TV providers are using cable modems to bring internet at customer home. Cable modems are used to provide internet service to individuals and business customers. Fast internet connection can be provided by cables modems as well cable modem is a continuous connection. How cable modems work News, entertainment and educational programs are brought by television in millions of homes. Many peoples watch TV through cable TV in short known as CATV. Cable TV operator provides many channels and in very good picture quality. If customer wants cable TV operator can also provide access to internet with high speed. Cable modems are able to give competition to asymmetrical digital subscriber lines (ADSL).it is very interesting to how these both competitors works. In next topic I will try to explain how many TV channels and web sites flow on single coaxial cable. 1.1.1 More Space Coaxial cable used by cable operators is able to carry hundreds of megahertz of signals and each channel that travels on coaxial cable is given 6 megahertz of total electrical space or bandwidth.it means coaxial cable can carry many more channels then we can or wants to watch. Cable TV operator sends signals of various channels each channel gets six MHz slice of coaxial cables available total bandwidth. There could be two types of distribution of cable network. In first one coaxial cable is installed from operators office till customer home. In second type fiber-optic cable is installed from operators office till different areas then from these different locations coaxial cable is installed till customer home. 1.1.2 Streams If a company provides facility of internet then internet service can also use same coaxial cable. This work is done by Cable Modem by putting downstream data (data that is sent from internet to customer) on a six MHz channel. So internet data is just like a TV channel on cable. Same amount of total cable bandwidth is taken by internet downstream data as by a single TV channel. Internet service is a combination of downstream and upstream (data that is sent to internet from customer) .it means upstream also need bandwidth of cable. It takes only 2 MHz slice of space from total available space because it is assumed that customers download more data as they upload. To put these two types of streams (downstream and upstream) cable operator needs only two devices. One device at customer end that is called Cable Modem and other one at operator end called Cable Modem termination system. Computer networking and internet access management takes place in between these two devices. 1.1.3 inside the cable modem As mentioned earlier Cable modem can be external or internal to computer. Some operators provide Cable Modems those are integrated with set top box. Cable Modems can be different from their outer look but all of them have same components inside. Components are given below 1. Demodulator 2. Media Access Control Device 3. Microprocessor 4. Modulator 5. Tuner 1.1.3.1 Tuner The tuner is connected to cable outlet. In some cases tuner is connected to a splitter. Splitter separates channels used for data from channels used for cable TV channels. Tuner collects data from internet channel. Data comes in form of digital modulated signal. Tuner receives this data and passes this data to demodulator. In some Cable Modems tuner contain one other component known as diplexer.it allows tuner to divide frequencies into two sets. First set is used for downstream traffic ad second one is used for upstream traffic. Range of frequencies used for upstream is between 5 to 42 MHz. Range used for downstream frequencies is between 42 to 850 MHz. In some other cases Cable Modem tuner is only used for downstream data and for upstream traffic dial up telephone modem is used. In any case tuner passes data to demodulator. 1.1.3.2 Demodulator Typically Demodulator performs four functions. First function is to convert radio frequency signal in to simple signal that can be processed by analog to digital converter. Radio frequency signal contains information in it by varying amplitude and phase of wave. Second function is performed by analog to digital converter. It takes signal from quadrature amplitude modulation demodulator in turns in series of 1s and 0s. These 1s and 0s are in digital form. Third function is performed by error correction module. It receives information from analog to digital converter and checks this information against a already known standard for possible errors. Main function of this module is to find problems in transmission and to fix them. At this stage data is in groups and these groups are called frames. Frames can be MPEG format. So MPEG synchronizer does its duty to make sure that frames are in order and in line as they were transmitted. 1.1.3.3 Modulator Modulator do reverse job as done by demodulator. It converts digital data into radio frequency signals. So that they can be transmitted on cable. Nature of traffic that flow between user and internet is irregular. Typically this component has they parts 1. Digital to analog converter 2. Quadrature amplitude modulator 3. Error correction information inserter 1.1.3.4 MAC Cable modem has two portions upstream and downstream.MAC is lactated between these two portions. It works as interface between hardware and software portions of different network protocols. Every network device has MAC. Cable modem MAC performs much more complex task then normal MACs. Because it performs much more complex tasks it work load is given to CPU of Cable Modem or to CPU of user personal computer or laptop. 1.1.3.5 Microprocessor Job of Microprocessor depends on for what cable modem is designed. Cable modem can be designed only to provide internet access or it can be designed to be a part of large computer system. If Cable modem is used only for internet access then Microprocessor of Cable mode does most of function of MAC. In case Cable modem is used to be part of large computer system Microprocessor of computer performs most function of MAC. 1.2 Cable Modem Termination System At CMTS end traffic comes from different users in groups. Function of CMTS is take all traffic on a single channel and route this all traffic to internet service provider for connection to internet. on CMTS end service provider could have set up different servers for performing following functions 1. Account and Log management 2. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 3. Administration of IP Addresses of users 4. Servers for Data over Cable Service Interface Specifications Downstream data reaches to connected users. It is same like in a Ethernet network. Individual connection has to think that it is for him or not. It is totally different in case of upstream data. Data send from one user to internet is not seen by other users on network. As we know there is not so much bandwidth for upstream. Total available bandwidth is divided into time slices. Time slices are in milliseconds. Time slices are given to different user to send data to internet. Time slices works very well for send short commands, queries and address those are send from users to internet. Typically CMTS allow 1,000 users to connect to internet on a single six MHz channel. Normally single channel have capacity of 30 to 40 megabits per second. So it clear that Cable modem is able to give speed to customers which is much more then dial up modems. Single channel concept could also lead to some issues those customers can face. 2. History of Cable Modems At stating of year 1990 world started to know about stuff that could be possible with digital communication. At that time internet was known just as a tool. Engineers were trying to discover a method to shuttle digital signals between two computers. Same stuff is available for us today in form of internet, email and much more. Technology was invented but not for sending receiving email or surfing web instead it was invented to transmit television channel signals. Channels like ORF, ATV, Plus 4. These channels were transmitted on high capacity wires. At user end a TV box was used to handle these channels and deliver to TV. It was starting of cable TV. To get more TV channels so much efforts are done in last many years. Physical network of coaxial cable and fiber optic cable are installed in many kilometers. These physical networks are installed either underground or some feets over ground using wooden or iron poles. And of course these networks have worked very well to full fill their purpose. Cable TV was born in U.S. but it has rapidly migrated to other continents. Now a day cable TV networks are pumping more than hundred TV channels to homes. One of leading cable operator in Vienna is delivering 132 TV programs including 23 HD programs.[upc.at] Later on inventors wanted to use cable TV network for other purposes. That was time when computer network started to stand on its feet. Means computer networks were started to build in organizations and in educational institutions. Some organization had proved that two or more computer connected to each other can do amazing things. Data or information that was only in individuals computer can be shared between others also can be enhanced by other users. Books were made free from library and published so that all can see. To make it possible that two computers can talk to each other so much was done by inventors. Communication protocols were developed. Languages to develop protocol were invented. Standards of communication were developed. Names were given to standards such as Novell and Ethernet. This all was rising of local area network. At this time engineers and investors started to think about increase boundaries of this information communication network. They wanted to share that was going on in computer of an organization at a wider geographical area. They were thinking to share information of a computer with another computer located at other end of same city. They wanted to transform a local area network in metropolitan area network. All these idea needed transmission medium installed within a city.so that information or data can be send or received on wide spread transmission medium. One solution was to transmit information on copper wires of telephone networks. But copper wires used in telephone network were not able to provide speed that was provided by LANs. Fast speed transmission was provided by advance version of telephone system called TI ,T3 or ISDN. But these solutions of high speed information transmission were very expensive. Luckily same types of cables used for local area networks named coaxial cables were already been installed in all over the city by cable operators to provide TV channels to customers. With some more engineering this cable can be used as very power full media for information transmission. A electronic device was demanded by many organizations and educational institutes. Private and government organizations, schools, hospitals, were looking for a way to send and receive text file, images, across town. Some of them rented expensive lease lines from telephone companies and some of them created their own pipes to transfer data or information across town. But peoples were not aware that there was a medium that was able to data with high speed as well it capable to transfer data on very high speed. This medium was not far away it was just outside in street. Cable TV operators had built a network across city. It was supposed that it was only for transmission of TV channels. But it was very much suited for information as well. It took many years to discover that cable TV network can be used for transfer data across city. LANcity discovered technology that became mile stone for so called Cable Modem. In other words It was just a box that was attached to cable television that was able to transfer coaxial cable a medium to transfer TV channels to medium to transfer data. As many people wished about its speed it was outstanding. It was a big coincidence that almost on same time an another force that attracted attention of peoples was introduced. Its name was internet. Typically cable modem technology was developed so that peoples can share files between offices those were located across city. Combination of internet and cable modem technology connected households with high speed. As it happens to all most all technologies same was with cable modems that it took many years to come in shape that is available for us today. Modems those were made in its early days were big metal boxes and were very heavy to pick up. In early years size of cable modem was almost same as rack of our cupboard. Main idea was they were not made for homes or residential use. They were made for schools, offices and for educational institutions. Not at all for homes. In those days internet was just a linking of government offices and educational institutions. Speed of internet was very slow over dialup phone lines. Computer monitors were also black and white. Operating system of systems was also DOS. It was not windows. There was no world wide web available. Internet was a toy for peoples who were interested in technology or of peoples who were interested to explore new technology. Internet has nothing for everyone. Those days were starting days of internet. 2.1 Development of Cables Nothing would be wrong to say that in those days personal computer were babies. But cable television networks were in their 30s. There was more than one cable operator in same area. Most of cable operators were offering more than 50 channels. Some of cable operators were providing service with basic TV channels on the other hand some were providing TV channels with basic channels as well premium TV channels. Architecture of cable network was totally different as it is today. In these days fiber optics is being used and it has increased speed of transmission lines. Noise that was introduced by amplifiers has reduced. Combination of fiber optics and coaxial cable are doing a under full job. But at starting some peoples believed this combination will never work. With time there are many changes have taken place in technology but still one technology is still same. Pictures of TV channels are taken from air as they are broadcast from satellites. At operator end TV channels are captured from air then they are passed through a so called mixer it place them on a single cable on different frequency bands. Now they are ready to travel on coaxial cable. But after traveling some miles they should be amplified. But here is a problem amplifiers also amplify or boost noise as well. This noise introduced by amplifiers make the picture worse. In 1980 cable networks were like branches of tree. It means from main office of cable operator thick cables were going to all four directions. After a particular distance in each direct less thick cable were used till different branches of cable operator. Thin cables were used till customer home from branch office. This was architecture of cable TV networks. It was perfect to transmit TV channels on it. There were many reasons that this network was not suitable for data communication. In a sense it was one way network. As we mentioned there where many reasons one of them was TV signals were sent only in one direct means from cable operator office to customer homes. To send signal in other direction means from customer to home cable TV operator was not possible. This network could work with data transmission if there would a method that customer or users can also send data to operator office and from operator office to destination of data it could in same city or in same country or could in other country for example world wide web. Till 1980 most of cable operator had not started to make path for customer to send data toward operator office. It was called upstream. Downstream was already possible as channels were sending from operator office to customer homes. Operator were not thinking about it one reason behind was there was not enough demand of it. So without any demand operators were not ready to invest their money in this technology to make path from customer home toward operator office. But it has not affected developers in any way. They continued their inventions in this technology that could make coaxial cable more useable. It was their main interest to make this cable TV network useable for information transmission. Information can travel in both directions not only in one direction. There was a requirement of an electronic device that could combination all stuff of data communication with cables used for TV channels. This electronic device should combine whole architecture of cable network with data c ommunications. So lot of efforts was required to transform cable TV network in to data network. Cable modems those were invented in 1980. Typically were not addressed a Cable Modems. They were so called radio frequency modems. They were not made for home users. They were used only by engineers. They were cable able to perform of modulation and demodulation. Information transmitted by them was 1s and 0s. It was not video means were not TV channels. Information was transmitted in coaxial cable within same boundaries of frequencies. Cable modems those were invented in their early days were used for different purposes. As cable networks owned by cable operators. Only some of cable operator agreed to negotiate within a city to link different buildings. These building can be educational institutions, police stations. These building can send or receive messages to each other by using existing cable network. At that time cable modems were only capable to deliver a speed of 19.2 kbps. But it was still faster than speed given by telephone modems that was around 1200 bps. Interesting thing is after 30 years we can enjoy speed of Mpbs. Cable Modems made in starting days were not so complex as modems those we have now a day. They were very less sophisticated as compared to todays modems. Let us suppose there are two computers in two different buildings attached to each other with cable modems over cable network coaxial cable. A message is sent from first computer. Computer handovers message to modem. Modem hand over this message to destination computer on downstream frequency without any processing. Basically it is broadcasted to all computers over network. Destination computer gets message through cable modem. As well all other computers on network get the message. But they cannot see messages because address of computer does not correlate with messages destination address. Transmission was based on a simple logic. One computer wants to send message to other computer so called Mr. ABC it will send message to all assuming that all are Mr. ABC but only Mr. ABC will receive message because other computers are not Mr. ABC. Till this time cable TV operators started to recognize capabilities of their wide spread coaxial cable network. They started to use cable modem for their own communications. Some of main branch offices were not near to telephone lines. Cable operators had covered remote areas as well mountains. But telephone lines were not available on these places. So cable operators thought they will use their own cables for communication on these remote areas rather than paying to telephone companies for installing telephones line in those remote areas. They have one choice to use cable modem on both end of their cable network. It was cable modem that allowed to cable engineers to set up internet PBX using cable network. Till now a day in some places those modems are used for telephone service. This was the time when data was available with phone and TV channels were already available. After some time developers of cable modem discovered a modem that was able to provide speed of 1.544 Mpbs speed over cable network. They took advantage of it started service of leased line known as T1 for businesses. T1 lines needed bandwidth on cable as equal to one TV channel. Luckily some of cable operator have free channel available. Those operators do not have vacant channels thought to replace some of channels so that give service of private data network to their customers. Research done on history of cable modem shows that it took 15 years and then cable modem became main stream. Main three problems were faced in long path of development of cable modems. First problem was transmission of traffic in both directions. It was possible with cable network to transmit information from operator office to customer homes but transmission of information from customers toward operator office was not possible. Till late 1990 cable operstor were capable to transmit information in both directions. Second problem was with business model. As already mentioned data transmission was made possible by cable modems but it was only use full for organizations or educational institutions like universities or schools. It was not available for home users. At that time it only looked as a business have only cost but no profit. Third problem was modem itself. In most cased it was built by different companies according to their requirement for single application. It was property of supplier. Modems from different suppliers were not able to communication with each other means no interoperable. In simple words it means cable companies were investing in such a technology that have no standard and it can be overcome anytime or other technology. Answer of these questions was given by DOCSIS. DOCSIS stands for Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification. It defined that cable modems are for cable industry. They are not for researchers or developers. DOCSIS helped for development of cable modems in direction of economy and volume. 2.1.1 DOCSIS Till mid of 1990, three problems those occurred for acceptance of cable modem were being solved. Upstream path from customer homes to operator office were being added to coaxial cable network. News from Cambridge and Castro valley encouraged cable operators to know more about cable modem technology.it also helped them to explore business model. Use of cable modem in telecommunications business was also favorable for cable modem development. Internet was rising day by day. Cable TV and telephone companies had tuff competitions. Companies were trying to get each other customers. Companies were able to provide TV channel service as well telephone service. At this time there was a new business for these companies it was internet service for customers at high speed. But still there was one barrier for companies. It was device interoperability. There was a lack of standard in modem industry. It was not possible to get interoperability without standards. Cable modem market could not be emerged without standards. Cable modem developers had a feeling of fear without standards to manufacture a big volume of cable modems. Because of production of less quantity price was high and it directly affected customers. It was well understandable and as well expected that electronic devices should work no matter of their location. In other words if we buy a modem from Vienna it should also work in Graz without any trouble. Because lack of interoperability if a modem purchased from Vienna and then customer moves to some other city where cable service is provided by another operator and this modem will not work there. I would like to give a sweet example here may be you have experienced of different power outlet in different countries. It is obvious no retailer would like to sell such products those give trouble to face angry customers. Interoperability was main issue at that time and it depended on technologies those developers had chosen those days. Some manufactures were selling asymmetrical modems. It means information moved faster from operator office toward customer home as it moved from customer home to operator office. Reason behind was a click to get a page from web needed less bandwidth as required by webpage itself. Some other manufactures had different ideas they were producing symmetrical cable modems as broadband user were increasing. Their idea was that home user would need more upstream speed to send information toward word wide web. Cable modem suppliers were growing with same speed as high speed internet grew. Every supplier was bit different from other. Some big names of electronic devices like Cisco Systems. HP, IBM, Motorola jumped in industry of cable modems. There were also small manufactures in cable modem industry. When big companies entered in market, small manufactures where afraid because big manufactures can produce modem like cookies. They could offer price very much attractive for customers. Still small suppliers tried to move on as quickly it was possible for them. This all was happening in non-standardized environment. In 1995 only one mantra was on everyones tongue and it was standards for their technology. When it did not worked as it was in mind of big manufactures like HP and IBM they step back from scene. In those days standards for cable industry were only concern. Because it was related to electronic devices those were used in homes. Cable operators has only fitted cables and modems in their offices and at customers end only from short listed providers of cable and modems. It made possible coexistence of both suppliers and cable service provider. Main suppliers have full control over selecting pricing and features of cable modems. It totally up to them to decide when older version would be discontinued and newer version would be introduced to market. At end of year 1995 some of cable modem engineers started to does private meetings about a chip call MIcroUnity. Same like other chips it was also reprogrammable. They decided to use this chip in cable modems as well in set top boxes and later on if required it can be updated with software. It was an alternative for if new services are introduced then cable operator should change box. It have double cost first cost was of box and second one was to send one to install new box. At that time there were two main players in cable technologies. Both of them thought enough about this MicroUnity chip that was reprogrammable then they decided to invest in this chip. They formed a private company that would lead for use of chip in cable hardware. This company was called Cable Multimedia Cable Network System in short MCNS. Motivation behind MCNS was to attract more hardware suppliers in cable industry. So that pricing can be bring down and to introduce more features. Only reason to do so was to bring interoperability among cable device producers. only solution of Interoperability between devices from different operators was to develop standards. Later on MCNS became DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification. It is pronounced as dock sis. In year 1996 Developers put it on fast track and they decided to complete specification written till end of year 1996. At mid of 1997 specification were being completed. Lab test can be performed on specifications. Intension of these tests was give sample to vendor and to test specifications. It was September month of year 1997 when a detailed certification program was released. Responsibility was given to a board to review certification. It was also responsibility of board to approve products if they meet specifications. An agreement was made that Cable Modem Termination Systems would be check to qualify specifications and vendors would be tested to give me certificate. As certificate they will get DOCSIS certificate sticker. 2.1.2 Certification Two years and to clear three certification test were necessary for any vendor to get DOCSIS certificate. On 20 march 1999 cisco system got qualification for their CMTS. First certificate for modem was issued to Toshiba and Thomson companies. After some months modems from 3Com and Arris passed certification. In coming some months many products get DOCSIS certificate. Now a day in many country cable companies lead DSL reson behind is speedy efforts done to make DOCSIS standard. Meanwhile stories of success of cable modem and high speed internet were coming continuously. Peoples who adopted cable modem in its early days were satisfied from their decision. Cable modem industry was afraid if they would be able to full fill high demand. Because of fast progress of cable modem technicians were also in high demand. Two persons were need first one to handle cable modem and second one for handling personal computer. At end of year 2002 in North America there were around 16 million customers. Cost of cable modem was also reduced from 1990 since 2001. In year 2001 cost of a cable modem was around $120 while in year 1990 it was $500. There is no dispute either on success stories of cable or on its high demand. Investment banker signed agreements with leading cable companies to build backbone network and content infrastructure to support high speed cable modem technology. Development of DOCSIS is still continuing. Now a day Circuit of cable modem is available on personal computer cards. In Europe cable modem circuit is available in set top box. With the time successor of DOCSIS were released. Quality of service has in improved in successors of DOCSIS. They are able to support coming generation of high speed internet service. DOCSIS has also played very important role in development of internet protocols. Latest version of DOCSIS is DOCSIS 3.0 that is able to provide download speed of 1.5 Gbit/s and upload speed of 1150 Mbit/s. Trial version of DOCSIS 3.0 was announced o