Free Essays on 20th Century Cuban Immigration

Cuban Nationalism For several reasons, Cubans have a very strong sense of "Cubanidad," cultural identity. This sense of cultural identity comes partially from a sense of placeCuba as an island has clearly defined boundariesand partially from the homogeneity of language and shared culture. It is a major factor in the relative stability of the revolutionary government in Cuba and in the stability of the Cuban community in the United States. Despite the fact that within the Cuban-American community there is a great deal of political contention, the community forgets its differences in taking care of its own. One of the practical problems service providers face in working with newly-arrived Cubans is that they can function so comfortably within the Spanish-speaking Cuban-American communities: There is little motivation to learn English or move away to areas where there are better jobs. Cuban Immigration to the United States Given the closeness of Cuba to the United Statesboth geographical and, before the 1959 revolution, economicit is no surprise that there has always been movement of people between the countries. The 1910 census showed that there were officially 15,133 Cubans living in the United States, and a report on immigration to Congress at the time included data on 44,211 Cubans. In 1959, an estimated 124,000 Cubans were living in the United States. In the early years of the revolutionary government, an additional 215,000 moved here, and now the Cuban community is well over a million. As we mentioned above, the center of that community is in Miami, but there are sizable communities in other cities in Florida and in New York, Illinois, and California as well. The existence and size of the Cuban community in the United States is a result of both "push" and "pull" factors. The revolutionary government's inflexible attitude toward dissent, and its imperviousness to demands that dissenters make, probably constitute the greatest... Free Essays on 20th Century Cuban Immigration Free Essays on 20th Century Cuban Immigration Cuban Nationalism For several reasons, Cubans have a very strong sense of "Cubanidad," cultural identity. This sense of cultural identity comes partially from a sense of placeCuba as an island has clearly defined boundariesand partially from the homogeneity of language and shared culture. It is a major factor in the relative stability of the revolutionary government in Cuba and in the stability of the Cuban community in the United States. Despite the fact that within the Cuban-American community there is a great deal of political contention, the community forgets its differences in taking care of its own. One of the practical problems service providers face in working with newly-arrived Cubans is that they can function so comfortably within the Spanish-speaking Cuban-American communities: There is little motivation to learn English or move away to areas where there are better jobs. Cuban Immigration to the United States Given the closeness of Cuba to the United Statesboth geographical and, before the 1959 revolution, economicit is no surprise that there has always been movement of people between the countries. The 1910 census showed that there were officially 15,133 Cubans living in the United States, and a report on immigration to Congress at the time included data on 44,211 Cubans. In 1959, an estimated 124,000 Cubans were living in the United States. In the early years of the revolutionary government, an additional 215,000 moved here, and now the Cuban community is well over a million. As we mentioned above, the center of that community is in Miami, but there are sizable communities in other cities in Florida and in New York, Illinois, and California as well. The existence and size of the Cuban community in the United States is a result of both "push" and "pull" factors. The revolutionary government's inflexible attitude toward dissent, and its imperviousness to demands that dissenters make, probably constitute the greatest...

Exposition in Literature the Ultimate Guide with 19 Examples

Exposition in Literature the Ultimate Guide with 19 Examples Exposition in Literature: the Ultimate Guide with 19 Examples If you’ve ever cringed while reading a book (or watching a movie) because the characters are clearly just repeating information for the benefit of the audience, you’ll know just why exposition in literature is so important to get right. But it’s a tricky line to walk: too little exposition and your audience won’t understand a thing about what’s happening. Too much exposition runs the risk of readers complaining that your book is boring and badly-written.This post will help you define just what exposition is - and how you can write it in a way that captures readers’ attentions. Or, if you’d simply like to see it in action, please jump right to our 19 exposition examples. How to write exposition in literature: a guide for all fiction writers! What is exposition in literature?Exposition is a literary device that introduces key background information to the reader. This might include anything from a character’s backstory to a description of the setting. Note that it should not be confused with the exposition in the three-act story structure, which refers to the entire first stage of a story (where, similarly, important details are established).Though exposition is necessary for nearly every single story, it’s a hard thing to get right. Indeed, you might already be familiar with the infamous â€Å"information dump,† which is essentially poorly-executed exposition that becomes walls of text that your reader hastily skips past. At its worst, exposition that’s badly written will make your audience put down your book altogether. How to avoid 'information-dumping' in this post - and more To avoid such a scenario, exposition should always be pertinent to the story itself. As Kurt Vonnegut once said: â€Å"Every sentence must do one of two things: reveal character or advance the action.† We can (and should) apply this guideline to exposition as well. It might be tempting to spill everything you know about the world and characters that you’ve lovingly created - but while you might know the world of your book down to the precise direction in which a blade of grass grows, readers won’t care if it’s not relevant to the story. Specifically, the conflict.The importance of conflict and expositionIn his book, The Art of Fiction, essayist and author John Gardner advised, â€Å"No important information in the exposition should be irrelevant to the action that ensues.† John Yorke echoed a similar point in Into the Woods: How Stories Work And Why We Tell Them:All good exposition is disguised by making it dramatic – by injecting conflict. Desire, in story structure, should always be countered by an opposite desire, and this in turn creates the conflict the drama needs. Exposition works when it’s a tool a character uses to achieve their desire. If this desire is confronted with opposition, conflict is generated and exposition becomes invisible. The greater the conflict, the less visible the exposition.If the million-dollar question here is how to present information (that your characters should already know) in a natural and organic manner to new readers, conflict is the answer. Tying exposition into conflict will drive the central premise of the story forward while establishing the important pieces of information that you need in order to tell the story. Luckily, there are many ways to do this, from dialogue to narration. What are the Six Types of Conflict in Literature? (with Examples) Read post Thinking that this is easier said than done? For a look at how authors have approached writing exposition in literature in the past, here are 19 exposition examples  from famous works. 19 exposition examples from Pride and Prejudice (and more) to show you how to get exposition right! What are some exposition examples in literature?As you probably know, language can be used in a million possible ways to convey a point. That said, authors generally depend on a few common ways to insert exposition into the text of the story:Exposition through dialogueExposition through narrationExposition through internal monologueExposition through special devicesWithout further ado, let’s get into these exposition examples in famous works of literature.Exposition through dialogueDialogue is one of the most organic ways to introduce exposition. In particular, exposition through dialogue is a prime example of the #1 writing rule, â€Å"Show, don’t tell.† Instead of telling readers the key detail that a group of boys are stranded on an island because of a plane crash, the author can show that through a conversation (as you’ll be able to see soon). However, it’s important that your dialogue doesn’t sound too forced when you’re trying to impart information to the reader. If you’d like to learn more about the mechanics of dialogue (and how to write it correctly), go here for this master guide. Otherwise, let’s take a look at how some authors reveal key expository details through dialogue.To improve your handling of exposition dialogue, take a look at this list of practical dialogue exercises. Learn how to master dialogue in your bookEnter your email below and select 'Writing - Writing Dialogue That Develops Plot and Character' in the drop-down menu of the next pop-up to sign up for our free, 10-day course. Authors can set up situations through a few lines of dialogue:â€Å"My dear Mr. Bennet,† said his lady to him one day, â€Å"have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?†Mr. Bennet replied that he had not.â€Å"But it is,† returned she; â€Å"for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it.†Mr. Bennet made no answer.â€Å"Do you not want to know who has taken it?† cried his wife impatiently.â€Å"You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it.†This was invitation enough.â€Å"Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it, that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week.†- Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (establishing the entrance of Mr. Bingley to Netherfield)"This is an island. At least I think it's an island. That's a reef out in the sea. Perhaps there aren't any grownups anywhere."The fat boy looked startled."There was that pilot. But he wasn't in the passenger cabin, he was up in front."The fair boy was peering at the reef through screwed-up eyes."All them other kids," the fat boy went on. "Some of them must have got out. They must have, mustn't they?- William Golding, Lord of the Flies (explaining the plane crash that brought the boys to the island)Through dialogue, authors can â€Å"show† the relationship between characters, instead of â€Å"telling† it:KING CLAUDIUS Take thy fair hour, Laertes; time be thine, And thy best graces spend it at thy will! But now, my cousin Hamlet, and my son,HAMLET [Aside] A little more than kin, and less than kind.KING CLAUDIUS How is it that the clouds still hang on you?HAMLET Not so, my lord; I am too much i' the sun.- Shakespeare, Hamlet (establishing the relationship between Hamlet and King Claudius)Exposition through narrationExposition through narration is the most standard way to think about this literary device. By nature, the narrator chooses what to reveal and what background details are important enough to be said in the text.Now, how the exposition is revealed might differ depending on the point of view used in the book, which you’ll see in the following exposition examples. Take heed as you explore this technique yourself: exposition through narration is the biggest perpetrator of the infamous â€Å"information dump,† which is a beginner mistake to avoid.Let’s take a look at how an omniscient narrator (who knows everything and can see into every character’s minds) might handle exposition:This hobbit was a very well-to-do hobbit, and his name was Baggins. The Bagginses had lived in the neighbourhood of The Hill for t ime out of mind, and people considered them very respectable, not only because most of them were rich, but also because they never had any adventures or did anything unexpected: you could tell what a Baggins would say on any question without the bother of asking him.- JRR Tolkien, The Hobbit (explaining Bilbo Baggins’ background)About thirty years ago Miss Maria Ward, of Huntingdon, with only seven thousand pounds, had the good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram, of Mansfield Park, in the county of Northampton, and to be thereby raised to the rank of a baronet's lady, with all the comforts and consequences of an handsome house and large income. All Huntingdon exclaimed on the greatness of the match, and her uncle, the lawyer, himself, allowed her to be at least three thousand pounds short of any equitable claim to it. She had two sisters to be benefited by her elevation; and such of their acquaintance as thought Miss Ward and Miss Frances quite as handsome as Miss Maria, d id not scruple to predict their marrying with almost equal advantage. But there certainly are not so many men of large fortune in the world as there are pretty women to deserve them.- Jane Austen, Mansfield Park (setting the grounds for Fanny Price’s arrival at Mansfield Park)He was old enough, twelve years and a few months, to have lost the prominent tummy of childhood and not yet old enough for adolescence to have made him awkward. You could see now that he might make a boxer, as far as width and heaviness of shoulders went, but there was a mildness about his mouth and eyes that proclaimed no devil.- William Golding, Lord of the Flies (introducing Ralph in the book)Now here are some exposition examples used in books that are narrated in third-person limited:Catelyn had been anointed with the seven oils and named in the rainbow of light that filled the sept of Riverrun. She was of the Faith, like her father and grandfather and his father before him. Her gods had names, and their faces were as familiar as the faces of her parents. Worship was a septon with a censer, the smell of incense, a seven-sided crystal alive with light, voices raised in song. The Tullys kept a godswood, as all the great houses did, but it was only a place to walk or read or lie in the sun. Worship was for the sept.- George R.R. Martin, Game of Thrones (establishing Catelyn Stark’s backstory and religious tendencies)Of all the unusual things about Harry, this scar was the most extraordinary of all. It was not, as the Dursleys had pretended for ten years, a souvenir of the car crash that had killed Harry’s parents, because Lily and James Potter had not died in a car crash. They had been murdered, murdered by the most feared Dark wizard for a hundred years, Lord Voldemort. Harry had escaped from the same attack with nothing more than a scar on his forehead, where Voldemort’s curse, instead of killing him, had rebounded upon its originator. Barely alive, Volde mort had fled†¦But Harry had come face-to-face with him at Hogwarts. Remembering their last meeting as he stood at the dark window, Harry had to admit he was lucky even to have reached his thirteenth birthday.- J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (explaining the events of past books in the series)As usual, the face of Emmanuel Goldstein, the Enemy of the People, had flashed on to the screen. There were hisses here and there among the audience. The little sandy-haired woman gave a squeak of mingled fear and disgust. Goldstein was the renegade and backslider who once, long ago (how long ago, nobody quite remembered), had been one of the leading figures of the Party, almost on a level with Big Brother himself, and then had engaged in counter-revolutionary activities, had been condemned to death, and had mysteriously escaped and disappeared. The programmes of the Two Minutes Hate varied from day to day, but there was none in which Goldstein was not the principal figure. He was the primal traitor, the earliest defiler of the Party’s purity.- George Orwell, 1984 (explaining who Emmanuel Goldstein is)Lastly, a first-person narrator can easily slip in exposition to establish key details about themselves or their story:Now the way that the book winds up is this: Tom and me found the money that the robbers hid in the cave, and it made us rich. We got six thousand dollars apiece- all gold. It was an awful sight of money when it was piled up. Well, Judge Thatcher he took it and put it out at interest, and it fetched us a dollar a day apiece all the year round- more than a body could tell what to do with. The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time, considering how dismal regular and decent the widow was in all her ways; and so when I couldn’t stand it no longer I lit out. I got into my old rags and my sugar-hogshead again, and was free and satisfied. But Tom Sawyer he hunted me up and said he was going to start a band of robbers, and I might join if I would go back to the widow and be respectable. So I went back.- Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (establishing Huck Finn’s backstory)I give Pirrip as my father's family name, on the authority of his tombstone and my sister,- Mrs. Joe Gargery, who married the blacksmith. As I never saw my father or my mother, and never saw any likeness of either of them (for their days were long before the days of photographs), my first fancies regarding what they were like were unreasonably derived from their tombstones.- Charles Dickens, Great Expectations (establishing Pip’s backstory)Mom pulled into the circular driveway behind the church at 4:56. I pretended to fiddle with my oxygen tank for a second just to kill time."Do you want me to carry it in for you?""No, it's fine," I said. The cylindrical green tank only weighed a few pounds, and I had this little steel cart to wheel it around behind me. It delivered two liters of oxygen to me each minute through a cannula, a transparent tube that split just beneath my neck, wrapped behind my ears, and then reunited in my nostrils. The contraption was necessary because my lungs sucked at being lungs.- John Green, Fault in Our Stars (explaining why Hazel Lancaster needs a tank at all times)My family have been prominent, well-to-do people in this Middle Western city for three generations. The Carraways are something of a clan, and we have a tradition that we’re descended from the Dukes of Buccleuch, but the actual founder of my line was my grandfather’s brother, who came here in fifty-one, sent a substitute to the Civil War, and started the wholesale hardware business that my father carries on to-day.- F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby (establishing Nick Carraway’s roots)I resolved, in the depth of my heart, that I would be most moderate- most correct; and, having reflected a fe w minutes in order to arrange coherently what I had to say, I told her all the story of my sad childhood. Exhausted by emotion, my language was more subdued than it generally was when it developed that sad theme; and mindful of Helen’s warnings against the indulgence of resentment, I infused into the narrative far less of gall and wormwood than ordinary. Thus restrained and simplified, it sounded more credible: I felt as I went on that Miss Temple fully believed me.- Charlotte Brontà «, Jane Eyre (establishing the state of Jane Eyre’s childhood)Exposition through internal monologueInternal monologue is exactly what it sounds like: text that gives readers a direct glimpse into a character’s inner thoughts and feelings. As you might have guessed, it’s another way through which authors can insert exposition.Remember when Kurt Vonnegut said that a sentence ought to do one of two things - reveal character or advance the action? Well, exposition through inte rnal monologue is particularly useful for the former, as we’ll show you now.Exposition shown through internal monologue can establish key expository details while advancing character development, as we can now see into the character’s mind:The elevator doors close just as Luisa Rey reaches them, but the unseen occupant jams them with his cane. ‘Thank you,’ says Luisa to the old man. ‘Glad the age of chivalry isn’t totally dead.’He gives a grave nod of acknowledgment.Hell, Luisa thinks, he looks like he’s been given a week to live.- David Mitchell, Cloud Atlas (establishing the character of Luisa Rey)There was only one occupant at the moment, obviously the young English lady referred to by the conductor. She was tall, slim and dark- perhaps twenty-eight years of age. There was a kind of cool efficiency in the way she was eating her breakfast and in the way she called to the attendant to bring her more coffee which bespoke a knowl edge of the world and of travelling.She wore a dark-coloured travelling dress of some thin material eminently suitable for the heated atmosphere of the train. M. Hercule Poirot, having nothing better to do, amused himself by studying her without appearing to do so.She was, he judged, the kind of young woman who could take care of herself with perfect ease wherever she went. She had poise and efficiency. He rather liked the severe regularity of her features and the delicate pallor of her skin. He liked the burnished black head with its neat waves of hair, and her eyes- cool, impersonal and grey. But she was, he decided, just a little too efficient to be what he called â€Å"jolie femme.†- Agatha Christie, Murder on the Orient Express (establishing the character of Mary Debenham)Her only gift was knowing people almost by instinct, she thought, walking on. If you put her in a room with some one, up went her back like a cat’s; or she purred.- Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dallowa y (establishing the character of Mrs. Dalloway)Exposition through other devicesFinally, you might see authors introduce key story details through some special devices - namely, other forms of media, such as newspaper clippings, letters, or emails. This kind of exposition helps establish a sense of immediacy, as readers are able to experience the piece of information for themselves.Newspaper clippings allow readers to read a key piece of information for themselves:Harry held the paper up to the candlelight and read:BLACK STILL AT LARGESirius Black, possibly the most infamous prisoner ever to be held in Azkaban fortress, is still eluding capture, the Ministry of Magic confirmed today.â€Å"We are doing all we can to recapture Black,† said the Minister of Magic, Cornelius Fudge, this morning, â€Å"and we beg the magical community to remain calm.†Fudge has been criticized by some members of the International Federation of Warlocks for informing the Muggle Prime Minister of the crisis.â€Å"Well, really, I had to, don’t you know,† said an irritable Fudge. â€Å"Black is mad. He’s a danger to anyone who crosses him, magic or Muggle. I have the Prime Minister’s assurance that he will not breathe a word of Black’s true identity to anyone. And let’s face it - who’d believe him if he did?†While Muggles have been told that Black is carrying a gun (a kind of metal wand that Muggles use to kill each other), the magical community lives in fear of a massacre like that of twelve years ago, when Black murdered thirteen people with a single curse.- J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (explaining why Sirius Black is a menace to society)Letters function in much the same way, letting the audience experience a piece of information at the same time that the characters do:Howards End, Sunday.â€Å"Dearest, dearest Meg,- I do not know what you will say: Paul and I are in love- the younger son who only came here Wednesday.†- E.M. Forster, Howard’s End (explaining a key incident in the book)Looking beyond expositionWhen you're writing your novel, remember that the exposition is just one part of a much bigger whole. It must combine smoothly with the story structure, action, and character development in order for your novel to come to life in the reader's eyes.What's more, there's no need to get it perfect the first time around. That's what editing is for! If you need a helping hand as you're fixing the exposition of your novel, consider taking this free course that's taught by Fictionary CEO Kristina Stanley. It's all about story editing, scene-by-scene.How do you find writing exposition in literature? Do you have any approach that you particularly like? Leave your thoughts in the comments!

Is humanitarian assistance with displaced populations and refugees Essay

Is humanitarian assistance with displaced populations and refugees useful, neutral, or harmful - Essay Example There are several organizations that have been established to look into the issuance of humanitarian assistance to affected individuals of the humanitarian disasters (Slim, 1997). There have been variations in contemporary international relations in 21st century caused by advent of globalization process and termination of the cold war. Struggle for power among states and relationships involving organizations and individuals, have been subjected to numerous alterations resulting in a totally changed international scenario. All these variations have been regarded as a threat to state sovereignty. Domestic and international organizations have come to realize that human rights deprivations are issues that cannot be solely left in the hands of domestic jurisdiction alone (Grossrieder, 2003). In fact, there is more displaced populations and refugees in the 21st century that has led to the formation humanitarian assistance of various kinds. Looking at the happenings and calamities facing the world and various human societies in the 21st century, there has been much work that has been done by Humanitarian Assistance organizations especially in saving and bringing back the joy of life to the displaced populations and refugees in general. Consequently, these organizations (HA) are considered to be useful and not neutral or harmful not only because of the work they undertake as far as Humanitarian Assistance is concerned, but also because of their willingness risk their lives for the sake of displaced persons and refugees in general. The usefulness of HA could be attributed to the need that led to their formation. For instance, the aftermath of the cold war prompted the establishment of the right to humanitarian assistance in different years. First and foremost, the resolution 43-131 that would regulate delivery of humanitarian aid to victims of natural disaster and any other related cause was approved by the UN general assembly in December 8, 1998. A similar resolution

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Marketing plan - Essay Example Since the customers go to Pizza Restaurant for quality, changes in prices are not that important to them. Therefore the price elasticity of demand is not important in this case. Demand for the products and services would be influenced to the minimal extent by price. The company is located in a rich city where the customers are richer than the customers in other parts of the country. Therefore the most influential demand factors are lifestyles and cultural considerations (Kotler and Keller, 2006, p. 65). The demand would be more influenced by price if the customers came to the company to get lower prices. However they purchase the products and services because the products and services deliver quality of taste. 60% of the customers are from rich families who will be more concerned about the quality. Therefore demand in this case will not be affected by price to any great extent. Answer to Question 2 The unique selling proposition is the quality of products and services. Therefore the recommended pricing strategy is premium pricing. This will ensure favorable perception among the customers (Armstrong and Kotler, 2005, p. 34). In this case, it is recommended that the management should maintain high prices in order to maintain the brand reputation which is the source of its unique selling proposition.

Advertising & Alcohol Products Essay Example for Free

Advertising Alcohol Products Essay People’s life are built and protected by both us and society. We make our life happiness by enjoy as much as possible qualified products and society which is represented by government ensured the life quality by regulation requesting the obligation from all people towards product’s usage. Nevertheless, in some cases, government has to control and put the enforcement on consumer even if people like to use that product. Alcohol can be seen as a very popular example. People feel excited when use it, but, what will happen if the alcohol consumption increases year by year. As cited by Hall in his research this year, there was 25% increase in liver deaths which is caused by alcohol in last ten years. Not only alcohol beverages but alcohol advertising is interesting as well in attracting people. Therefore, alcohol advertising is now controlled strictly to prevent its bad impact. Government is allowed and able to do this for a better life to UK people. See more: Is the Importance of being earnest a satirical play essay Binge-drinking can be listed as a trouble for middle-aged, middle-class and out-of-control youth in UK. It is worth noting that UK people are one of groups consuming alcohol most in Europe (British Medical Association, 2009). Since, UK government has to consider and find solution for this problem. It can be known that the effect of alcohol is similar to drug as well as tobacco although it depends on the quantities of usage. However, according to BMA board of science, it can be denied that not only drinker but also their relatives are affected by harmful consequences from alcohol such as contributory factor and violence at home. At first, advertising is same as other marketing tools with the aim to persuade people use product as much as possible. In the situation of alcohol, Advertisement increases consumer’s conceptions about alcohol which can promote them buy more. The journal of British Medical Association in 2009 cited the research conducted by Anderson and other researcher s that â€Å"alcohol marketing and promotion relate to the likelihood that adolescents will begin to use alcohol and drink more if they are already using alcohol†. Jernigan (2010) suggested that a mix of unmeasured activities relating to cultural, religious and regulatory context is used by alcohol companies. Advertising approach consumer, especially the Youth in many ways: marketing on Television, newspaper, sponsorship for sports, music, and cinema. The image of alcohol impresses people day by day encouraging them use it naturally. As a result, these activities impacts making decision of the youth in alcohol purchasing because culture, religion and regulation contribute strongly to the growth process of young people. Moreover, The high rate of alcohol beverages advertising’s appearance in public encourage people use it regularly for entertainment and daily usage which will result in bad effect on people life and society. This present can make people see wine, beer as a daily product. The greater availability of alcohol advertising is the reason why people under 23 years old continue to raise their drinking behavior (Jernigan, 2010). The high alcohol consumption of much means their health will have problem as well as the ability of causing violence or crime can be increased in society. Therefore, alcohol advertising should be limited like tobacco so that people will realize that the former also has bad effects as the latter. Although alcohol is still a product and beverage companies have right to advertise, this is sensitive one so that government should control for a safety of people life. The limitation of alcohol advertising will help government protect people’s health and social security. There will be no more crime which is relevant to alcohol. The health of people will be ensured. Let’s take Denmark as an example, this country only accepted broadcast advertising on low alcohol-content products and the rates of alcohol intoxication was reported highest rates at that time among European countries (International Center for Alcohol Policies) Wilby (2008) proposed that people are heavily impacted by advertising due to they are freely to accept information provided by other agents. Therefore, governments should be allowed to control advertising and able to manage the advertising of alcohol beverages companies by using advertising regulation, sign agreement with alcohol beverage companies and advertising agency or control newspaper and broadcasting agencies. He also suggested that governments can put enforcement on the advertising of cars, alcohol, junk food and other potentially dangerous products as the same way they used to work towards tobacco advertising. For example, as established in Advertising Standard Authority, in UK, â€Å"alcohol marketing is required that ads not link alcohol with sex, social success, youth culture or juvenile behavior.† (Hall, 2012) Enjoy the life as well as using entertaining product freely is demand of all most every people. On the other hand, alcohol beverage companies are also absolutely right when they want to provide as much as possible good alcoholic beverages for their consumer. Nevertheless, it is necessary to have a third party which is governments of countries in general and U. K government to put alcohol advertising under the control. They can set regulation and request that alcohol companies follow it strictly.

Modern Versus Traditional Views in Chaim Potok’s The Chosen :: Potok Chosen Essays

Modern Versus Traditional Views in Chaim Potok’s The Chosen Chaim Potok’s The Chosen shows how people with traditional ideas view the world differently than those with modern ideas. For example, David Malter has modern views of his faith, whereas Reb Saunders cannot let go of traditional practices. Also, Reb Saunders and David Malter have different methods of raising their children. Finally, David Malter believes in Zionism, whereas Reb Saunders wants to wait for the coming of the Messiah to preserve his religion. Such differences can cause similar faiths to seem very different. David Malter’s modern ideas conflict with Reb Saunders's traditional practices. For example, David Malter wants his son, Reuven, to learn English subjects and become a mathematician. However, a Jewish school established by Reb Saunders teaches the minimum required English subjects. Reb wishes for Danny to become a rabbi and carry a tradition in which the oldest son becomes a rabbi and the leader of the sect. These opposing views are carried out in all other aspects of the religious sects in which these men lead. The way in which Reb Saunders and David Malter raise their children reflect the conflict between tradition and modernity in this story. David Malter raises Reuven with a modern approach. He encourages Reuven to learn about the modern world as well as hold on to his religion. Reb Saunders to shelter Danny from modern ideas. With the exception of teaching Danny about the Talmud, he raises Danny in silence. He has his own reasons for raising Danny this way. â€Å"I did not want to drive him away from God, but I did not want him to grow up a mind without a soul† (Page 266). Reb Saunders raises his son through a tradition that has been in his family for a long time. However, he accomplishes his goal. His method of raising his son is dramatically different from David Malter’s modern practice. The results are also different. Danny has gone through much more pain and suffering than Reuven, and he chooses to carry on this practice if he must. Modernity and trad ition present in the different ideas of these men influences the lives and ideas of their children as well.

Local Literature of Sales Inventory System Essay

Computerize sales and inventory system Computers began from a wild imaginative idea to the world’s highly prioritized tool. Computers today are now used as a substitute to manual processes and other past inventions like the radio, television, etc. It is now used by people for much simpler, easier and faster way to do things. Some used it as a hobby, and some use it as a job. Technology has never stopped from advancing through the years. Its new innovations helps answer the people’s further complex questions. Why not use these advantages to benefit ourselves? Many people use computers in their daily lives. Some use it for transactions, some use it for educational purposes and others use it for data storage. Though it might sound unnecessary but in some cases when storing a file for such a big company, can you manage it properly? Organizing, finding a file, etc. With computers, it can help you simplify the process of storing and managing the files you need for future use and make finding files easier than the manual process. A Proposed Sales and Inventory System In business like merchandising, Sales and Inventory system plays an important role. It is used to track all the transactions made by the business and responsible for monitoring the items supplies. All the business transactions must be properly recorded and must be fully secured by password. A Computerized system is the best solution and most innovative answer for their needs. The researchers had been motivated to do a study on this topic according to the above observation. The result may help others to understand more about computer-generated data processing, especially on how to deal with computers in terms of speed, accuracy and data security. Monitoring the transactions and other significant information regarding the customer is the main concern of this study. Also covered in the study are saving of information and transaction records with the customers. The Sales and Inventory System is concern with the processing of the transactions of the customers and owner and saving the sales records at the same time. These saved records area filed and stored for future use. This computerized system is important to a company because through it, the owner can easily assist the customers and store data safely. And also the monitoring of stocks is the most important part of this system.

Youth risk behavior surveillance system

Make you cognize how active teens are? Harmonizing to the informations and statistics from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, a sub unit of the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, as of 2007, 35.0 per centum of high school pupils throughout the United States are presently sexually active, and 47.8 per centum of high school pupils have already had sexual intercourse. These Numberss may look big, but in the past twosome of old ages, they have one time once more begun increasing after many old ages of easy dropping. Surprisingly, the clip frame when sexual activity rates had begun increasing is around the clip when abstinence-only plans began being pushed. The Obama disposal has late cut budgets on the abstinence-only plans due to these unwanted effects. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ‘s National Center for Health Statistics published informations in March of 2009 saying adolescent birth rates in the United States have risen f or the 2nd twelvemonth, as of 2007. Due to this, many critics have begun to knock the pick of the Bush disposal, which strongly supported the abstinence-only plans. As a consequence, it leads us to the inquiry of whether abstention plans are truly making their occupation. All this information points to abstinence-only plans being uneffective and merely supplemented abstention plans seem to hold a desirable consequence in the public schools in the United States. Abstinence plans day of the month back to the 1980 ‘s, the epoch of the Reagan disposal. They were the solutions to many jobs within high schools ( Sexuality Research and Social Policy ) . An article in a 1987 newspaper states that Reagan encouraged the abstention plans because it was the best manner to â€Å"avoid undertaking AIDS† ( Boyd ) . This was besides a portion of Reagan ‘s plan in combating AIDS. Reagan said, â€Å"All the vaccinums and medicine in the universe wo n't alter one basic truth, that bar is better that remedy, and that ‘s peculiarly true for AIDS, for right now, there is no cure† ( Hess ) . Furthermore, Reagan believed that it was non the authorities ‘s duty to play a function in educating, but the function of both the school and household. In 1984, the first support for abstention instruction was given by the Office of Adolescent Pregnancy Program. Harmonizing to Sexuality Research and Social Policy within National Sexuality Resource Center, as of September 2008, at least 1.5 billion dollars have been funded on abstinence-only plans. Abstinence-only plans chiefly focus on the abstaining from holding sex. It does non advert most subjects within reproduction, particularly contraceptive method and safe sex. There have been many statements about whether onanism is acceptable as a subject and action under the abstinence-only plans. However, sing the old slang for onanism is â€Å"having sex with yourself, † it should non be considered a portion of the abstinence-only plans. In 2005, abstinence-only plans were scheduled for usage in schools in communities with the bulk of Hispanics and Blacks. The ground suggested was because these groups are significantly more sexually active when compared to other groups ( Helman ) . More late, in 2008, 17 or more provinces had already adopted the abstinence-only path ( O'Brien ) . The other option for sexual instruction is abstinence-supplemented plans, besides known as comprehensive sexual instruction. For this type of plan, non merely is abstinence encouraged as a better pick, but the plan besides touches on the topics of contraceptive method techniques and sexually familial diseases. In 1990, the opposing statement against comprehensive sex instruction plans stated by the abstention plans leaders is that less than half of the schools give any instructions on how to utilize contraceptive method or where to obtain them ( Wilgoren ) . However, this job has been solved ; now they are making the exact antonym of what they were being accused of. Furthermore, the comprehensive sexual instruction plan has become the sexual instruction plan with the most support. In a magazine published in 2007, 94 per centum of parents believed that the comprehensive attack was the better of the picks ( Stover ) . Possibly the most limpid manner to see the effectivity of abstinence-only plans is to compare the plans ‘ consequences to those of abstinence-supplemented plans. Texas and California are both southern provinces, but they use different sexual instruction methods ; the province of Texas adopted the abstinence-only plans, while the province of California decided to utilize the abstinence-supplemented plans ( The Dallas Morning News ) . The consequences are dramatically different. In Texas, the province Torahs have made it compulsory to learn abstinence-only as the preferred option. Furthermore, they must pass most of their clip on abstention, and stress that abstinence-only is the lone manner to hold a hundred per centum bar of sexually transmitted diseases. The reference of sexually transmitted diseases is really limited ; merely those chosen by the board of legal guardians of a school territory can be mentioned as effects ( Wonderful Days ) . As a consequence, Texas has become the province with the most adolescent gestations in the state ( The Dallas Morning News ) . On the other manus, the province of California has demands in schools to learn abstinence-supplemented plans, which teach the facets of both abstention and contraceptive method. In add-on, to a broader assortment of subjects to discourse, the pupils are besides able to easy obtain birth control points, such as rubbers ( The Dallas Morning News ) . Harmonizing to Dr. Mark Horton who is the manager of the California Department of Public Health, the adolescent birth rate in California had reached its lowest point as of May 11, 2009 ( CA Dept of Public Health ) , presenting a great contrast to the consequences of Texas. From the comparing between the two provinces, it is evident that comprehensive sexual instruction had a better consequence. It has been brought to visible radiation that there may be other issues, such as racial per centum difference that may do this effectivity difference. However, the bulk of research workers are tilting toward the different plans doing the largest consequence. Many believe that learning teens to be abstentious is idealistic, it is impossible in world. Alternatively of working toward an impossible, it would be more realistic to make bar of gestations and sexually transmitted diseases compared to forestalling teens from holding sex wholly. Surveies have shown that by senior twelvemonth about two tierces of the category has already had sexual intercourse ( The Dallas Morning News ) . It would be literally impossible to rectify the incorrect of so many, so it would be more effectual to discourse both abstention and birth control. In the long tally, those who choose to be abstentious will hold the support, but those who choose non to wait will hold the right information to forestall themselves from acquiring pregnant or obtaining sexually transmitted diseases. There are statements on how effectivity of abstention plans is really calculated. Some argue that it is the figure of persons holding sexual intercourse ; others argue that it is the gestation rate. Due to the hardness of mensurating the figure of persons submerged in the universe of sexual intercourse, I will establish this research paper on the figure of gestation rate. This is because the figure of persons holding sexual intercourse and the gestation rates should be linearly increasing. Therefore, the higher the gestation rate means the more persons sing sexual intercourse. Real life illustrations are non the lone ways to turn out the ineffectualness of abstinence-only plans. Although existent life illustrations demonstrate the consequences of the plans, they do non acquire to the roots of the ineffectualness. Problems and loopholes that the plan is based on may be the account on non merely its effectivity, but besides why many professionals choose non to utilize it. Many well-known and well-respected scientists have focused in on the statement between the two opposing plans. Although there are pros and cons tagged to both plans, the bulk of research workers tend to tilt toward comprehensive sexual instruction being the better of the two. Harmonizing to the reappraisal done by the Committee on Government Reform of the US House of Representatives, 11 out of the 13 course of studies of the abstention plan are based on wrong information ( Stantelli ) . â€Å"The Accuracy of Condom Information in Three Selected Abstinence-Only Education Curricula† research done by Alison Jeanne Lin and John S. Santelli besides confirmed this consequence. The information given in the plans were non needfully false ; nevertheless, they were distorted and led to misinformation. Other informations are old and have been proven incorrect. This information included deceptive information on contraceptive method effectivity and the effects of abortion. Furthermore, the research workers took misconceptions and stereotypes as facts within their scientific research, doing their research biased and questionable. A survey done by Douglas Kirby showed that abstention plans do non detain the overall age of sexual intercourse ( Sexuality Research and Social Policy ) . One of the few pieces of informations given by abstinence-programs on contraceptive method indicates that rubber fail rates on undertaking HIV is between 10 per centum to 43 per centum, where lab consequences suggest the rate to be 1 per centum or under ( Morse ) . This is a important difference that could do major jobs when taught in category. If the pupil does non take abstention, so seeing the high opportunity of condom failure, they may make up one's mind to hold unprotected sex. This will ensue in more adolescent gestations and an addition in persons with sexually transmitted diseases. As of 1999, abstention plans claim that adolescent gestation rates had decreased by 17 per centum due to their parts. Many oppositions beg to differ because of the deficiency of grounds. Some have chosen to believe that the existent ground for this bead was due to the addition in usage of contraceptive method ( Morse ) . Furthermore, in â€Å"Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Programs and Their Impact on Adolescent Human Rights† written by Rebecca Schleifer and Alice M. Miller, they suggest that abstinence-only plans violate the human rights of teens, particularly those of doing healthy protective determinations ( Sexuality Research and Social Policy ) . Another issue is that abstention plans do non turn to one of the major jobs of teens who choose to hold sexual intercourse. Harmonizing to recent generated research, one of the traits that teens who abstain from sex have is â€Å"resistance to peer influence† ( Healy ) . Peer force per unit area and influence is likely one of the largest grounds why teens choose to hold sex. Many teens believe it is â€Å"in† and â€Å"popular, † and if they do non make it they will be out of the norm. However, abstention plans non turn toing this issue may be another cause of its ineffectualness. In add-on to the many grounds already stated, the apparatus of the plan besides contributes to the effectivity. The most commonly school-used abstention plan, titled Self Respect, does non hold a follow-up plan ( Elmer-DeWitt ) . Once the category is over, the pupils return to the existent universe, being enticed by the many weaving waies the society has created. This increased opportunity of being led astray shows how indispensable follow-up plans are. Without them, teens will evidently travel down the incorrect way. Students seeing how unorganised the abstention plan is one of the chief grounds lending to the failure of the plan. Students will be able to see how undependable the statistics are and how many research workers have disapproved of the plans. This will do them to oppugn the dependability of the plans. When they see another pick, particularly a more appealing one, they will choose out of abstention plans and lief embrace the other pick. For many high school pupils and teens, this other pick is holding a sexual spouse, one who they can hold sex with and trust on. To them, this pick is so much more attractive, and it is besides more pleasing to the teens ‘ ramping endocrines. On the other manus, comprehensive sexual instruction satisfies the sexual thirst of teens. It addresses the physical demands of teens as a fact and Tells teens that there is nil incorrect with the manner they are experiencing. Furthermore, it treats the teens like a friend and steer them along. In comparing to the stiff limitations of the abstention plans, this is a much better pick to learn teens the sex cognition that they need. Unless abstention plans can go more organized, and so, derive the regard and support of research workers, teens will non likely travel for this type of plan. Merely with reorganising and reconstituting the whole plan, it might be possible to convert teens to get down to take abstention over sex. Even holding said this, it will still take a long clip before teens choose abstention merely because of the past feelings this plan has given. As stated earlier, President Obama has late decided to cut the budgets on abstinence-only undertakings. This was one of the first things that he has chosen to make in his first twelvemonth of presidential term. The authorities did non randomly choose to cut budgets merely because of the economic depression. There are many possible grounds that have been brought to the public position, and the strongest ground being the plan ‘s ineffectualness, and the authorities has presented three possible statements back uping this affair. The most basic ground given by The American Public Health Association and U.S. Institute of Medicine to the Congress in 2008, states that â€Å"scientific surveies have non found that abstinence-only learning plants to cut gestations or sexually transmitted diseases† ( Allen ) . It is obvious that if schools do non learn teens contraceptive method techniques, they will non cognize how to forestall gestations. As mentioned above, many pupils will non take abstention because of its instability. Therefore, the end now is to learn them besides about safe sex to farther prevent a uninterrupted addition in adolescent gestation rates and the figure of people with sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, the authorities is taking comprehensive sexual instruction to be the better pick. Recently, as the authorities cuts back on abstention plans, a new societal group is taking up the occupation: spiritual groups. Abstinence plans have a part of their footing in Scripture, and to some extent, the plan really reworded Scripture as its learning stuff ( Elmer-DeWitt ) . It is no admiration that faith, more specifically Christianity can increase the effectivity and efficiency of the abstention plans, particularly when 78.5 per centum of the American population are Christians. In add-on, most faiths support the thought of sex after matrimony, which encourages the same thoughts as the abstention plans. Due to this, trusters in these faiths would more easy accept the intent of the abstention plan. Now, the authorities has given up abstinence-only plans for plans with a brighter hereafter. They now want to patronize abstinence-supplemented plans that are specially adjusted to learn information that is suited for teens ( Allen ) . They have now given the abstinence-only plans over to the spiritual groups. These groups have the resources and the correct background to force for the abstinence-only motion. Hopefully, under the right environment, abstinence-only plans may besides boom and make their occupation. From Angus McQuilken ‘s point of position, it is non difficult, †the job here is non the abstention, it ‘s the lone † ( Helman ) . A pessimistic research worker from Sexuality Research and Social Policy said, â€Å"We want people to cognize that abstinence-only instruction does n't work† ( Sexuality Research and Social Policy ) . Overall, we can non state that abstinence-only plans are wholly uneffective. They have their pros that can ensue in a immense measure frontward in sexual instruction with the aid and addendum of other plans or spiritual groups. In a sense, abstinence-only plans are like badly-oiled machines, or like electronics without electricity. They are good established, but the job is, without the excess oil or electricity, they can non run swimmingly or expeditiously. Likewise, without the supplemented informations, abstinence-only plans can non make their full potency. Once the plan is tweaked and reorganized, it may non merely make its possible, but besides excel more than either of the constituents. Many teens have spoken out on this affair. The girl of vice-presidential campaigner Sarah Palin, Bristol Palin has spoken out to teens across the state to believe before they do it. Furthermore, teens have mentioned that some of the information required to help them to do good sexual determinations are non taught in wellness category. Fifteen-year-old Mildred says, â€Å" We get sex-ed categories in school and that should be where teens get the right information, but that is n't go oning † ( O'Brien ) . The reply has been in forepart of our eyes all along, so following clip when another adolescent becomes pregnant or contracts a sexually familial disease, do n't fault them, fault the sexual instruction plans.

Collins online Essay Example

Collins online Essay Example Collins online Essay Collins online Essay Essay Topic: The Breadwinner I am going to discuss the aspects that help shape our identities and how much control we have over forming our own identity.  Also how identity provides a link between the personal and the social.  The definition of identity from the Collins online dictionary. the individual characteristics by which a person or thing is recognized  In my view the above mentioned characteristics could be factors including colour, race, gender, class, status and place to name but a few. Identity is not the same as personality.  Personality is made up of inherited traits and behavioral patterns.  Identity comes from choices we make; we have an active role in the forming of our own identity.  Gender we have no control over. Gender is not the same as sexuality. Sexuality is the choice we make.  From the moment we are born we are categorized as either male or female depending on the genitalia we have. This is not a choice we can make.  A gender role is a perceived set of behavioral norms associated with males or females, in a given social group or system. (Wilkipedia, 2007) We are put into the stereotypical groups for our gender: girls wear pink and play with dolls; boys wear blue and play with cars.  Sir Thomas Moore (p49) thought that a girls gender was formed because of the absence of a penis. He thought Boys were superior to girls because of this.  On reaching adulthood we are expected to go into certain job roles. i.e men as builders and practical skills and women as homemakers or secretaries.  Louis Althusser claimed that a persons identity is formed when people are drafted into a specific identity they are interpellated (called) into. For example Mother, Husband Scottish, Irish. These identities can change with time, in the example of a mother or housewife, they may no longer be only a mother / housewife as they may have been in the 1950s but they may have full time careers as well. Or the husband may stay at home because the wife earns more money as so she can be the breadwinner. In 2001 there were 13.2 million women a workforce of 23.5 million (Woodward2003). Our identity can be fluid and changing. Agency allows us to identify with certain groups or people that share similar interests. In the example of religion, if we were Jewish we may attend the synagogue with like minded worshipers.  Or we may wear the claret and blue of West Ham Utd when watching Saturday football on TV, because this identifies you as a West Ham supporter.  This shows that as individuals we take up identities of things we enjoy and relate it to the social. The West Ham supporter is a member of a club where he can discuss his main interest and share common opinions with others. The wearing of the symbols, colour or badge shows this. The above person may change his identity when he goes to work as a teacher.  Discussing West Hams game may not be appropriate in a math lesson. This persons body language will change as will the verbal language.  Here structure is directing him in his identity in the appropriate way to act and dress in a professional role. This person then goes home to his wife and becomes a lover and a father and again identity changes to the family man.  Ervine Goffman believed that we act out roles of identity and this may change depending on the place we are or the people we are with. Mead believed that our identities were formed via visualization and symbolization and there is a clear link between how we see ourselves and how we believe others see us.  Freud believes that our identities are formed by unconscious feelings or repressed experiences from childhood. These early experience come out through the way we treat others and the decisions we make through life.  From these three theorists it shows that identity is formed in many different ways and that identity is clearly linked to the social.  To conclude there seems to be no rigid ideas regarding how identities are formed. Identity is influenced by various factors in society, people are able to change their identity to a certain extent; identity is also brought about how other people see you as well as how we see ourselves.  (personal to social) The control we have is via agency and making choices to join certain social groups. The restrictions we have are from our gender, our race or ethnicity.  Ã‚  TMA01 part b  How does class influence identity in a contemporary society?  I am going to look at how class influences our identity in todays society.  The three key question are: How do economic structures shape our understanding of who we are?  And, what is the justification for saying that there has been a move from collective to individual identities? Which social science arguments support the idea that class identities are eroding? To look at economic structure shaping identity, I am going to look at occupation  in the contemporary world.  Occupation is a useful tool to link a persons situation to class or status. The first questions asked in first encounters is what do you do?, which means what is your occupation. By having a particular occupation societys discernment will differ, for example doctors are perceived different to hospital cleaners. This will affect the way we perceive ourselves and have an impact on identity.(personal to social). Life in the western world has faced many diverse changes creating insecurity of work identity, mainly due to the changes in societys expectations, the creation of new technology and the disintegration of labour intensive, heavy industry occupations such as mining.  People are migrating to different areas for work, consequently there is a fragmentation of the traditional large work orientated communities that once existed. Resulted in the degeneration of collective identity to individual identity, which is important for a sense of belonging to a community. John Hargreaves(2004) testimony clearly suggests that we are not able to exercise much control over identity. He claims that prior to 1984 he was part of a traditional mining industry, where communities and culture grew; John was interpellated by that collective identity (Kath Woodward 2004).  After 1997 as a result of unemployment he had lost his financial security and also his collective identity, which was his sense of belonging. Johns account put a large emphasis on the importance of paid work, suggesting paid work provides self worth.  If this is the case then people who work, but are not paid such as carers or housewives may be valued less in the community.  This finding clearly emphasises how the importance of paid and unpaid work can influence a persons identity our identities are influences by the shape of the income distribution(Kath Woodward 2004)

Understanding Gaslighting and What Victims Can Do

Understanding Gaslighting and What Victims Can Do Gaslighting is a harmful form of psychological abuse in which a person or entity attempts to gain power over others by making them question their own recollection of events, perception of reality, and ultimately  their sanity.  Ã‚  Ã‚   As used in clinical research, literature, and political commentary, the term comes from the 1938 Patrick Hamilton play â€Å"Gas Light,† and its film adaptations released in 1940 and 1944, in which a murderous husband slowly drives his wife insane by progressively dimming their home’s gas-powered lights without her knowledge. When his wife complains, he convincingly tells her that the light has not changed.   Since almost anyone can fall victim to gaslighting, it is a common tactic of domestic abusers, cult leaders, sociopaths, narcissists, and dictators. Gaslighting can be perpetrated by either women or men. Often especially convincingly charming liars, gaslighters consistently deny their devious actions. For example, physically abusive persons involved in intimate relationships may gaslight their partners by passionately denying  they had acted violently or by trying to convince victims that they â€Å"deserved it,† or â€Å"enjoyed it.† Ultimately, gaslighting victims lower their expectations of what constitutes true affection and start to see themselves as being less deserving of affectionate treatment. The gaslighter’s ultimate goal is to instill a feeling of â€Å"I can’t believe my eyes† causing their victims to second guess their perception of reality, choice, and decision, thus increasing their level of trust in and dependence on their abuser for helping them â€Å"do the right thing.† Dangerously, of course, the â€Å"right thing† is often the â€Å"wrong thing.† The longer the gaslighting continues, the more catastrophic its effects can be on the victim’s psychological health. In the most serious cases, the victim actually begins to accept the gaslighter’s false version of reality as the truth, stop looking for help, reject the advice and support of family and friends, and become completely dependent of their abuser. Techniques and Examples of Gaslighting The techniques of gaslighting are cleverly designed to make it hard for victims to recognize. In most cases, the gaslighter purposely creates situations that allow them to hide the truth from the victim. For example, a gaslighter might move his partner’s keys from their usual spot, causing her to think she had misplaced them. He then â€Å"helps† her find the keys, telling her something like, â€Å"See? They’re right where you always leave them.† According the Domestic Abuse Hotline, the most common techniques of gaslighting include: Withholding: The gaslighter pretends not to understand or ignores his or her victims. For example, â€Å"Oh, not this again,† or â€Å"Now you’re trying to confuse me,† or â€Å"How many times have I told you†¦?†Countering: The gaslighter wrongly blames the victim’s faulty memory, even when the victim’s recollection is accurate. For example, â€Å"You’ve been forgetting things more often lately,† or â€Å"Your mind is playing tricks on you again.†Blocking or Diverting: The gaslighter keeps changing the subject or questioning their victim’s mental health, For example, â€Å"I bet your crazy friend (or family member) told you that,† or â€Å"You’re just making things up so you can use them against me.†Trivializing: The gaslighter makes the victim’s needs or fears seem unimportant. For example: â€Å"You’re mad at me for a little thing like that?† or â€Å"You’re going to let that come between us?†Forgetting or Denial: The gaslighter falsely claims to have forgotten what actually happened or denies promises made to the victim. For example, â€Å"I told you I was going to be late,† or â€Å"I never told you I would pick you up.† Common Signs of Gaslighting Victims must first recognize the signs  of gaslighting in order to escape the abuse. According to psychoanalyst Robin Stern, Ph.D., you might be a victim if: You seem to be second-guessing or doubting yourself more often,You constantly wonder if you might be â€Å"too sensitive.†You often feel confused, possibly to the point of doubting your own sanity.You constantly feel you need to apologize to your partner.You wonder why, with so many good things in your life, you are so unhappy.You frequently feel the need to make excuses for partner’s behavior.You often withhold information about your partner’s behavior from friends and family.You know something is very wrong, but can’t quite figure out what it is.You struggle to make what should be simple decisions.You constantly feel that you need to be a â€Å"better person.†You feel hopeless and joyless.You wonder if you are â€Å"good enough† partner. Since some of these signs of gaslighting- especially those involving memory loss and confusion- could also be symptoms of another physical or emotional disorder,  persons experiencing them should always consult with a physician. Recovering from Gaslighting Once they recognize that someone is gaslighting them, victims can recover and regain their ability to trust their own perception of reality. Victims often benefit from re-establishing relationships they may have abandoned as a result of being abused. Isolation only makes the situation worse and surrenders more power to the abuser. Knowing they have the trust and support of others helps victims recover the ability to trust and believe in themselves. Recovering gaslighting victims may also choose to seek professional therapy to gain reassurance that their sense of reality is correct. Again able to trust themselves, victims are better able to end their relationship with their abusers. While gaslighter-victim relationships can be salvaged, doing so can be difficult. As relationship therapist Darlene Lancer, JD, points out, both partners must be willing and able to change their behavior. Willing partners sometimes successfully encourage each other to change. However, as Lancer notes, this is less likely to happen if one or both partners has an addiction or personality disorder. Key Points About Gaslighting Gaslighting is a harmful form of psychological abuse.Gaslighters attempt to gain control over others by making them question their own memory, reality, and sanity.Gaslighting is a common tactic of domestic abusers, cult leaders, sociopaths, narcissists, and dictators.The first step in recovering from gaslighting is realizing it is happening.As with all forms of psychological and domestic abuse, professional help is often needed. Sources and Additional References Firth, Shanon. â€Å"What is gaslighting?† The Week onlineJacobson, Neil S.; Gottman, John M. When Men Batter Women: New Insights into Ending Abusive Relationships. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-81447-6â€Å"What is Gaslighting.† Domestic Abuse Hotline. Online. May 29, 2014â€Å"7 Signs You Are a Victim of Gaslighting†. Divorced moms .comâ€Å"11 Warning Signs of Gaslighting.† PsychologyToday.com. January 22, 2017Stern, Robin, PhD. The Gaslight Effect: How to Spot and Survive the Hidden Manipulation Others Use to Control Your Life. Harmony. ISBN 978-0-7679-2445-0â€Å"Gaslighting Definition, Techniques and Being Gaslighted.†Ã‚  HealthyPlace.comâ€Å"Gaslighting.† GoodTherapy.org onlineLancer, Darlene JD, LMFT. â€Å"How to Know If Youre a Victim of Gaslighting.† PsychologyToday.com. January, 13, 2018Stout, Martha. The Sociopath Next Door. Random House Digital. ISBN 978-0-7679-1582-3.

Properties of Materials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Properties of Materials - Essay Example According to a survey that was carried out by our firm, we realized that many instances windows were severely damaged. Upon keenly studying the damages, it was realized that it was partly due to environmental factors and partly due to poor maintenance. The damages on the widows caused variations in geometric configuration, composition, porosity and adherence of corrosion products. They also cause environmental pollution and humidity and temperature variations. 2.0 BACKGOUND TO THE STUDY Timber has commonly been used in making window frames, because of its accessibility and ease of processing. It has the lowest thermal conductivity compared to other frame materials. Among the commonly used wood species for window frames are redwood, pine and cedar. Wood can be negatively changed by moisture, which can cause its warping or twisting. This fact makes it a mandatory practice to paint timber windows after a specified duration of time like five years. Another material that has been recently used for window frames is a synthetic material called Polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is made up of a chain of repeating units of vinyl chloride. PVC comprises of chlorine, carbon, and hydrogen. The PVC exhibit varying characteristics that try to incorporate different additives considered beneficial for the window frames. In order to reduce brittleness, plasticizers may be added as additives in order to improve the processing. This helps to protect against were and tear coursed by natural agents as solar radiation. PVC windows incorporate reinforcement that aids in increasing rigidity. In turn the reinforcement increases the windows thermal conductivity. These windows are suitable and withstand the harsh environment presented by polluted air and saline conditions; their property of high thermal conductivity plays an important role in these hash environments. However, ultraviolet (UV) radiation on PVC breaks its molecular bonds, resulting in increased brittleness (Taylor, 2000). 2.1 Th e likely causes of the damages observed Since every material has its own degradation parameters, the environmental factors affecting the materials, and the intensity of these degradation factors, differ from material to material. For example, timber and PVC can undergo biological attacks but aluminum has no such threats. Some of the likely causes of the damages are: structural movement or stump subsidence in the main frame, expansion of the joints between elements and shrinkage or loose fitting in grooves which causes a problem of rattling windows, moisture penetration, weathering or decay, the normal wear and tear, loose hinges and screws and mold and algae caused by airborne spores, which settle on the surface. It also causes any exterior plastic products to go grey over time. 2.2 Remedial remedies Some of the remedial remedies could be: where the timber has deteriorated and has decayed, the repair could require re-fitting segments of the frame(s) using mortise and tenon joints. C omplete replacement of the damaged sash should also be considered, cracked, split or broken frames in the window sometimes may be repairable using wood adhesives and clamps, rusted and/or ineffective screws on fittings could be replaced, in some cases, by slightly larger diameter screws, by parallel thread metal tread or by longer screws which are non-corroding, one could also consider removing the damaged/rusted area of wood round the